Activities for children 4-5 years old: interesting educational games and exercises

Classes for children 4 years old should be developmental and prepare the child for entering school, teach the child to read and write, develop his abilities, and knowledge of the world around him. Experts say that at 4 years old it is already possible to sit a child at the table and study according to manuals for preschoolers. But in practice, a child will not sit for more than 15-20 minutes at a developmental notebook or book - this is the time that each task from such manuals is designed for. There are, of course, children who can sit with developmental notebooks and study with enthusiasm for 30 minutes. But when a child doesn’t want to, there is no need to force him. A 4-year-old child is very active, he is interested in running, jumping, playing with toys, and your task is to develop him through play.

How to teach a child through the game in which he spends most of his time? Let's look at: how to turn games into educational activities for 4-year-old children, what toys and materials will help you with this; What educational notebooks and books do children enjoy studying with?

Target orientation of classes

Activities that are aimed at the development of children five to six years old are extremely diverse. Classes of this type will allow you to gradually transform gaming forms into educational ones. This transition for children is carried out without stress and without problems.

Educational game for children 5-6 years old

The tasks are presented in the form of solving riddles and coloring pictures. Then the child masters the copybook. Children aged 5-6 years love to perform logical tasks.

In a children's education program that uses developmental forms, classes should achieve the following goals:

• develop cognitive interest;
• improve creative, physical and intellectual abilities;
• assignments should promote a positive attitude towards future schooling.

Memory training game

The program for the specified age group should contain the following tasks:

• on the basics of native speech, which lay the fundamental basis for teaching reading, the Russian language, and develop children’s speech.
• mathematical direction - the beginnings of arithmetic and geometry, tasks aimed at developing attention, strengthening memory and logical thinking.
• on developing an interest in nature, the ability to be sensitive to it, as well as first knowledge of ecology.
• on the study of the physical component of the simplest everyday phenomena and astronomical knowledge.

Children 5-6 years old love to play with construction sets

Children of this age are interested in fine arts classes; they like to design and make some products.

What forms of classes are most suitable?

Using toys and various games for developmental learning. The big advantage is that children play and learn at the same time on a completely voluntary basis. They are interested in results and are not overworked. Thus, the development of logic progresses well in Nikitin’s games. Board games gradually teach math, movement rules, letters and reading. During the game, children develop perseverance, patience and skills of decent behavior.

Artistic creativity is a great way to develop abilities

Creativity at this age is best expressed in designing and making crafts. Moreover, the tasks should gradually become more complex, including elements of independent modeling. The child learns to create. He learns to think and think logically, develops fine motor skills.

Developmental learning at 5-6 years old is best accomplished through play activities. The child must, in the process of development, prepare for the traditional school system of education.

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Sample lesson plan

Of course, each parent decides for himself how to conduct developmental activities at home with his children, but you can take the proposed plan below as a basis, choosing from it what his child needs at 3-4 years old.

Physical exercise

No development can be complete without physical activities with the child. This item can include anything, it is related to the child’s data, taking into account his and the parent’s wishes.

Home physical training is no less effective than in the gym

In addition, it is at home that you can determine the type of activity that your child likes and succeeds in. You can see his inclinations and send him to the appropriate section.

Development of fine motor skills of hands

Developmental exercises at this point are very important, because it is the development of fine motor skills that directly affects the development of the brain. It's no secret that the hands are directly connected to the head.

Developmental toys for hand motor skills

Today, there are smart stores that will offer caring parents a rich assortment that will help them conduct educational lessons at home.

Creative lessons

Creativity develops the imagination well, these include: modeling, crafts, appliqué, drawing, including finger paints, various role-playing games, staging performances, puppet theater, shadow theater. These types can be listed endlessly, and 4-year-old children really love these types of activities.

Attention and memory training

It is very important to train memory and attention. Chess, checkers, and all kinds of dominoes are perfect for this. It’s good to train attention while playing at home; to do this, you can lay out 4-5 animals and change their places, while the child should turn away

Turning around, the baby must guess who swapped places with the teddy bear.

It’s good to train attention at home while playing; to do this, you can lay out 4-5 animals and change their places, while the child should turn away. Turning around, the baby must guess who swapped places with the teddy bear.

Board games for memory training

Reading

Children as young as 3 years old can begin to learn letters and sounds. This is a very important point. It’s good for children, when learning a letter to better remember it, to find it in a book, mold it from plasticine, or lay it out from pebbles. It would be nice to find it with your eyes closed in a plastic version. As you get acquainted, magnetic letters can be attached to the refrigerator so that they are in front of your eyes. Magnetic and plastic letters are also good for collecting syllables and words.

Check

Developmental exercises for 3-4 years should include learning to count, that is, the child can be introduced to ordinal counting up to 10. He can also lay out numbers from scrap materials and compose simple problems. At this age, mathematics is based on elementary logic, that is, with a little one you can look for a pair of an object, find an extra object.

Observations of the surrounding world must be active

Getting to know the world around you

At the age of 3-4 years, it is necessary to give the child basic concepts about our environment, we need to introduce him to animals, touching on the topic of domestic and wild, with the seasons, days of the week, precipitation, edible and inedible objects.

Child development is a very important process that needs to be carried out in a friendly and free manner; if the child is interested, then learning will happen faster and more effectively.

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Sample exercise program for a week

Activities for the development of a 4-year-old child should be planned in advance, and best of all - for a week. This way you won’t miss out on important developments for your baby, won’t overload your baby, and will be able to prepare all the materials in advance. When drawing up a weekly plan for developmental activities at the age of 4-4.5 years, they first take into account whether the child attends kindergarten. If the baby is in the garden all day, then you need to understand the following points:

• A child in kindergarten already has daily developmental activities and regular physical activity.
• You can only work with your baby at home in the evenings and on weekends.
• You should not plan vigorous activities in the evening.
• After returning from kindergarten there is not much time left for classes, so, as a rule, only 1-2 classes are planned.
• It is worth finding out what program the child is taught in the kindergarten, so as not to duplicate classes, but to supplement them.

For a child who does not yet attend a childcare center, the lesson plan will be more extensive. When compiling it, the child’s interests, existing skills, and attendance at a development school or sports section are taken into account.

We offer the following approximate weekly program of developmental activities for a 4-year-old child:

Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday	Saturday	Sunday
Physical development	Charging with music	Outdoor games	Ball game	Jumping	Bike	Playing with fitball	Charging according to video tutorial
Cognitive development	Puzzles	Learning colors	Lotto	Finding an extra item	Studying domestic animals	Looking for differences	Studying plants
Sensory and musical development	Dancing	Studying smells	Guessing objects by touch	Singing	Sensory bag play	Studying tastes	Learning Musical Instruments
Fine motor skills	Playing with water	Finger gymnastics	Game with beads	Game with cereal	Mosaic	Game with clothespins	Playing with sand
Speech development	Learning a verse	Listen to an audio fairy tale	Retelling a fairy tale	Articulation gymnastics	Learning letters	Reading with mom	Guessing riddles
Creative development	Coloring	Application	Puppet show	Drawing	Modeling	Crafts made from natural materials	Games with a constructor

How to raise a child from 3 to 6 years old, watch the video of the Education channel. TV.

Developmental activities for children from 1 to 2 years old

Activities for a 1-2 year old child, developing his intellect, memory and speech, should be aimed at understanding the world, its structure and the formation of the first logical connections. A grown-up baby at this age continues to actively explore the world. Training methods of different nature will contribute to the physical, mental and sensitive development of the baby.

Drawing with your fingers

A child at this age can now draw with his fingers more consciously. Parents should still control the process, but after 1.5 years, with regular practice, the child can independently color a picture, and by the age of 2 years, draw simple shapes. Gouache or special finger paints are suitable for classes.

Kinetic and living sand

Playing with sand is an integral part of the development of children aged 1 to 2 years. In order for the game to be beneficial, parents should show their kids how the figures are sculpted. Some parents avoid sandboxes because children quickly get dirty and cause a lot of trouble after such games.

However, this is the wrong approach, the child should feel the living natural sand, try to sculpt from it, and besides, the first communicative skills of communicating with other children usually develop in sandboxes. To go to the sandbox, you should choose clothes in darker colors and from easily washable fabrics.

There is also kinetic sand that you can play with at home, as it will not stain clothes and is easy to collect even from carpets

It consists of regular sand and polymer and comes in different colors, which attracts the attention of children. Exercises with both regular and kinetic sand help develop imagination and creative inclinations

Applications

Cutting out parts of a whole object from paper and then gluing it together with the mother will keep the child busy for a long time. Images don't have to be complex. Let it be a house, a snowman or an apple. The baby will be able to glue such pictures on his own or together with his mother. But you shouldn’t trust a child at this age to cut out elements just yet.

Games and sand painting

Drawing with sand is an effective art therapy method that is successfully used in working with children.

Sand has a number of advantages:

• it is free-flowing and pleasant to the touch;
• helps to relax, relieve childhood aggression and tension;
• develops baby's fingers and creative thinking;
• the risk of failure is leveled - it’s easy to work with, you can always correct the result.

For classes you need a tray and dry sand. An important point is that the child should play and draw with sand with both hands, this contributes to the development of interhemispheric asymmetry.

Busyboard

A business board is an educational stand (board) with many interesting items, such as buttons, locks, clothespins, and details. You can buy such a board in a store or make it yourself. A busy board acts as a simulator and promotes the development of perseverance, intelligence, logic and sensitive motor skills.

During games, an adult needs to supervise the child due to the abundance of small elements on the busy board.

Songs and games according to the Zheleznovs’ method

Activities for children aged 1-2 years, developing with the dominance of playful forms and musical accompaniment, have a positive effect on the child’s intelligence. In the post-Soviet space, the method of musicians and educators Ekaterina and Sergei Zheleznov is very popular.

The methodology includes nursery rhymes, songs, lullabies, fairy tales with musical accompaniment, movement, finger and sign games. The classes are built in the form of a game, the child is not forced to do anything. The educator (teacher, mother) shows the movements and observes the reaction of the child, who repeats the movements only if desired.

During the lesson, the simplest musical instruments are used: tambourine, rattles, rattles, claves, shakers, xylophone, drum, cymbals, spoons.

Thanks to group classes for children:

• a sense of rhythm appears, an ear for music develops;
• develops the ability to interact in a team;
• speech disorders are corrected.

What types of activities can you do at home?

At home, the child can be occupied with the following:

• Children aged three and four years old love to reproduce the world around them on paper. Prepare pencils or markers for drawing with your child. Discuss what he wants to draw, ask what color the objects will be in his drawing. Give him large sheets of paper or even a piece of scrap wallpaper. The scale will captivate your little one, and he will be busy for a long time.
• Before giving him pencils, invite him to use a sharpener - he will then be more enthusiastic about drawing.
• You can keep your child busy playing with a hole punch. Show how a hole punch works, let it make confetti for the New Year holidays from old magazines.
• Cutting with scissors is also fun for kids. By the age of four, children can cut out simple figures. Make stencils of geometric shapes. Let him cut it out. And then build an applique with it.
• You can give your child stencils of various objects (available on sale, or you can make them yourself from cardboard) or letters. The child traces the stencil and then paints it.
• It is difficult to force children to sculpt from plasticine alone. Roll him a lot of sausages - let him cut them into pieces, and then lay out the pattern on a sheet of cardboard.
• Stretch a string, give clothespins and let him hang his things and then collect them.
• Children are fascinated by working with carbon paper. Show him the technology of work. Rest assured that your child will engage in work with interest.
• Kinetic sand will help parents out; children will love this activity.
• You can buy stickers for children and give them an album - the child will stick until he uses all the stickers.
• You can also keep children busy by drawing with dots. Download such pictures from the Internet.
• Children may be interested in the magnifying glass. Give him small pictures and let him look at them with a magnifying glass.
• There is an interesting invention - puzzles. Choose sets for your baby according to age and interests. He will be studying for a very long time, rest assured.

There is another interesting activity: take large beans, pasta and some peas, move them and instruct your child to sort them into three containers. Play it as the help you need around the house. Be sure to praise.

In general, the kitchen attracts both girls and boys - use your imagination, and your little helper will be happy to complete tasks.

Children will be happy to help in the kitchen

The importance of developmental activities for children

Developmental activities should not take up all the child’s time and turn his life into a continuous race for knowledge, where there is no place for children’s fun and games. The material and time for its absorption should be selected in accordance with the child’s age.

Well-chosen, interesting activities for your child will help you:

• broaden the child's horizons;
• instill love and desire for acquiring new knowledge;
• learn to communicate with the world around you and identify yourself in it;
• develop logical thinking;
• replenish and increase vocabulary;
• train your memory.

It’s also not worth letting your child’s development take its course and neglecting activities with him, because you can waste precious time and raise a schoolchild who will not be interested in anything at all. If you wish, you can conduct interesting activities in a playful way at home.

Games

There are many interesting games for teaching reading to children 6-7 years old. We have collected the most exciting ones, those that preschoolers are sure to enjoy. Download the assignments from the website, print them on your home printer and study.

Learning letters

The preschooler's task: find pictures with a specific letter.

You need to select the images correctly: simple, understandable and familiar to the kindergartener.

You can start with these:

Kids can play individually or in pairs. In lesson 2-3, after learning a few letters, you can organize a competition.

Read by first letter

The game is unusual, but very effective for developing the speed of thinking and reading in the future. The child needs to remember the name of the objects, highlight the first letter in the word and pronounce only it, placing a card with the letter on the picture.

For example, take the first line on the form. Fox - Christmas tree - Sun. The preschooler should get a FOREST.

For variety, print out pictures for each pair of students rather than per class. Gradually make the game more difficult. Give children words of 4-5 letters.

Find the letter

The child is offered educational cards where the letters are mixed and printed in different fonts and formats. The preschooler's task is to find the desired sign and circle it with a pencil.

As an additional exercise: you can come up with a couple more words for a given letter, find objects in the room whose names begin with them. Use these fun cards for your lesson.

Collect words from letters

Purpose of the game: put the letters in the right order, sign the picture. The child names the correct word, then listens to himself and selects letters to write in the boxes.

Reading syllables

You need to create handouts together with the children. You will need pictures of animals, a couple of sheets of blank paper, and pencils. There is a “surprise” hidden under every syllable.

During the game, the child focuses on associations with animal sounds, learns letters and syllable reading. The game is suitable for children from 4 years old.

Board games

These can be walkers, lotto, homemade cards for folding in a certain order. It is the tabletop adventures that children perceive best. The game is fun, to complete the steps you need to be able to read syllables or learn letters in the process.

Print out the following walkers for the lesson:

To determine the sequence of moves and the number of steps, children will need dice and knowledge of counting. Adults will have to help the kids a little so that they don’t get confused and play according to the rules.

Let's read together

An exciting game that will appeal to adults and children. There is text printed on the sheet, some words are encrypted with pictures. When reading, you need to insert them in words so that the thread of the story is not lost

While playing, the baby develops attention, reading skills, and vocabulary.

Household

What should a child learn?

• Putting on clothes independently.
• Cutting out pictures.
• Coloring pictures.
• Knowledge of basic rules of accuracy.

At 3 years old, a child needs to be taught self-care.
If classes are held at home, then hang posters with hygiene rules throughout the apartment - when passing by them, the child will subconsciously remember them (remember that a child of three years old can be taught very quickly, but a teenager of 16-17 years old nothing can be taught anymore).

In this way, you will gradually encourage your baby to live independently, developing creativity in the meantime.

If you don’t have enough time to carry out such events, then try to at least sometimes prepare crafts from ordinary household items: birds from cups, houses from boxes, and so on.

What is interesting for kids aged 3-4 years

The age of 3-4 years is a great time to develop children's creative abilities. You can sculpt from plasticine or salt dough. Drawing classes are interesting for a child aged 3-4 years. Young artists draw with pencils and paint with equal pleasure; they like felt-tip pens and colored crayons.

Games to develop hand motor skills and imagination

Parents of artists need to be attentive, because at the age of 3-4 years, children love to draw not only on paper. They like walls and doors. Drawing boards can be an interesting option. This board is convenient to install at home - it takes up little space.

Great idea - mosaic - a game for creativity

At this age, children can be occupied with construction kits. For 3-4 years old, construction toys made from plastic parts are suitable. Children are especially interested in towers and houses, which they build with pleasure. At home, you can allow children to create houses from scrap materials - pillows, chairs, blankets.

When a child reaches 3-4 years of age, parents begin to think about additional developmental education.

Moms and dads select educational activities, clubs or sections for their baby. Children are taken to swimming and gymnastics. If you start studying a foreign language, the result will be very good.

But you can also work with children outside the home. A 3-4 year old child benefits from being outdoors.

All children love sandbox games

Outdoor activities are varied. Children of this age are attracted to the sandbox, where they enjoy playing and building. A playground is a place where a child can play and relax in comfort.

Lessons for a five year old child

Classes with a 5-year-old child are playful in nature. At this age, children like to create objects, sculpt, design, and draw as part of play. Preschoolers love to learn, get them interested in new knowledge. Teach your child to express emotions, instill norms of behavior.

Children are ready to learn the alphabet, practice math, and read. Choose books that will captivate your preschooler.

Give your child free time that he can devote to playing, do not deprive him of this opportunity. He should have 2-4 hours of free time a day. Developmental clubs are attended 1-2 times a week. Attention is paid to physical activity.

Creative development

Until the age of 5, children depict graphic images. At an older age, the drawing becomes more complex, drawn, existing and imaginary objects are depicted on it. Through the drawing, the child shows his inner world. For him, the drawing process is important, the result is secondary. As part of developmental activities, an adult shows how to draw, use materials and techniques.

Through modeling and design, the child creates an idea of ​​the world around him, of the shape and size of spatial parameters.

Classes to develop attention and memory

The main direction in working with mental processes is the development of concentration, which is a prerequisite for arbitrariness. Necessary actions:

1. Draw your child's attention to sounds and ask them to identify their source.
2. Look at the clouds together and imagine.
3. Learn to listen to your own body signals. Ask what the nose, left hand, heel feels.
4. Use available materials for games: fruits, vegetables, natural materials.
5. Use workbooks. In them, tasks for memory, attention, and thinking are presented in the form of exciting games. To complete them, the child draws, cuts out, uses stickers, counts, and remembers. The activities will help your child learn numbers and letters.

Studying of foreign language

At preschool age, the language system is established. The child learns to navigate the system of signs and concepts. For this purpose, his mental functions mature. Preschool childhood is a favorable period for learning a foreign language.

You should learn a new language in a playful way, without imposing classes. It is useful to include cartoons in a foreign language, audio recordings of dialogues, and show pictures with words in lessons. Language learning is combined with creative activities and physical activities (for example, playing with a ball).

Cognitive tasks for children 4-5 years old

1. "Domestic and wild animals." Prepare cards with various animals: wolf, hare, mouse, fox, cow, elk, mole, cat, raccoon, deer, dog and others. Invite the child to divide the animals into two groups: domestic and wild. It’s good to play such games after a trip to the zoo. Such tasks develop horizons and understanding of the world around us, as well as speech (if you ask questions correctly and talk about animals, for this you can use the speech therapy cards below).

Topic: Pets

2. "Professions". Print pictures depicting people of various professions: cook, ship captain, driver, salesman, teacher, gardener, doctor, judge, fireman and others. In order for the baby to look for generalizing properties and name them, it is necessary to prepare separate objects (or pictures): a ladle, a pointer, a steering wheel, a mantle, a hose and others. The child chooses a picture with a person’s profession and looks for a suitable item for him.

3. "Spring". At 4 years old, the baby already knows the basic colors and shapes, so to continue the development of this topic, you can organize a game with “Fruto-nanny” baby food lids. The caps fit together perfectly and come in a variety of colors. Connecting them together is quite simple to create interesting objects. On a landscape sheet you can draw a circle, square, flower, cloud. From the lids, collect shapes of the same shape so that you can attach them to a sheet of paper.

Mathematical

What should a child learn?

• Count to five.
• Knowledge of a small number of geometric shapes.
• Basic comparison skills.
• The right pairing.

Learning shapes from drawings
Developmental activities may include the use of cards, puzzles, copybooks and creative tasks.

Cards

At three years old, your baby can still chew paper, so take the time to laminate the cards so that you don’t have to print out a new set for each lesson. Typically, educational games with children are carried out according to the following scheme: You show the child a card with some image (for children it is better to choose the simplest and most understandable drawings) and ask them to repeat the drawing, or to say how many objects are shown in the picture. If you have a set of paired cards, then you can ask the children to play memory-developing games: “find the pair”, “remember the hidden image”, “find the difference” and so on.

Working with cards solves several problems at once

Remember that such activities can be carried out not only at home, but also on the street.

For example, in the warm season, you can make a treasure hunt game: give your child a real pirate map (with the help of ordinary coffee, the paper can be aged for several years), on which educational cards will be indicated with crosses. Explain to your child that he needs to solve the problem in order to be able to move on.

If it is cold outside, then a similar competition can be held at home, having previously hidden all fragile objects.

Puzzles

For three-year-old children, it is best to select large pictures consisting of a small number of details.

Educational puzzles for little ones “Farm”

Cut the educational pictures into vertical lines (they should be quite large). The essence of the lesson is for the child to assemble a puzzle and at the same time learn the name, appearance and location of the number on the number line.

Copybooks

This material will help kids develop their hands, as well as write numbers correctly, freely composing numbers from them. Select the copybooks so that the lines in them are large enough and clear.

Coloring pages

Coloring pages with numbers can be given to children from 3 years old

They are especially loved by children, so try to use these educational materials as often as possible. Due to their compactness, coloring books can be used both at home and outdoors at any time of the year. For three-year-old children, try to choose coloring books that use not only the image of a number, but also its written name (this will help train reading and speech).

Lesson: “Hot and cold”

A simple game allows you to develop spatial concepts, memory, thinking and attention. Hide the prize in advance in a place accessible to the child. Ask him to find the hidden thing, give the little participant hints with the words “hot” - it means close to the prize and your five-year-old child is moving in the right direction and “cold” - it means the direction for the search is chosen incorrectly.

You can play this game vice versa, let your son or daughter hide the toy and show you the way to it using similar words. The adult’s task is to find the prize, the child’s task is to correctly give directions using the words “hot” and “cold”.

Game: “What’s missing”

A game that helps develop attention. You will need a set of different items, these could be toys, pencils or any safe items. At first you can use 5-7 items, later complicate the tasks by adding more and more attributes.

The task is to find an item that is missing. Give the little participant time to remember all the objects, and after he turns away, you need to remove one object. If the child correctly guessed which item is missing, then let him hide some attribute from you in the new game.

You can supplement the lesson with tasks like: arrange the objects as they stood, name the color of the object that is missing, arrange the toys by height.

Tasks for the development of creative thinking

1. Create your own magazine or book. To complete this task you will need colored paper, clippings from various glossy magazines, colored cardboard, glue, and tape. Words for the book can also be cut out from magazines. It turns out to be a joint work.

2. Theater. Offer to perform a real puppet show. Make costumes, select props, prepare invitations for household members. You can choose any Russian folk tale and involve older brothers and sisters.

3. “An interesting continuation.” The task is useful for children 5 years old, as it teaches them to construct sentences, think logically and develop thinking. You should come up with a story on a specific topic. The adult says the first sentence, the child continues the next sentence. Then the adult comes up with a sentence again. The text should be coherent. In conclusion, we ask the child to retell.

Tasks for children 4-5 years old should be comprehensive and develop logic, thinking, speech, and fine motor skills. Thematic lessons can be adapted to the age characteristics of children, diversified with games and taught to compare, analyze, and think in a fun way. If you work with your child daily, he will enjoy learning the basics of math, reading, and other subjects.

Emotional development

At the age of 5, children develop their emotional sphere; they experience a range of feelings that they have not experienced before.

The inability to explain strong emotions leads to internal conflict, which is expressed in aggression, whims, and unstable mood. An adult is required to have patience and acceptance of the age-related characteristics of a five-year-old child.

For this purpose, the “containing” method is used. The adult accepts the preschooler’s strong emotion, explains to him its name and reason for its occurrence, and suggests a way to live it. It is useful for preschoolers to attend classes with a fairytale therapist. Through working with fairy tales, children become familiar with emotions and ways of expressing them.

Peculiarities of information perception at 5-6 years old

The most important characteristics of attention to be developed in a child are:

manifestation of stability of attention, that is, the ability to maintain concentration for a long period; the ability to switch attention, develop quick orientation in different situations and change from one type of activity to another; distribution of attention to two or more objects.

Game to understand the situation

The development of perception in a child is present from the first months. But at 5-6 years old the level of perception is at its peak. The child absorbs new things and perceives information from the world around him. But what interests him most fully enters into consciousness. Therefore, the main goal of adults is to interest children in the knowledge that they should receive.

Household skills of a child at 5 years old

Children are excellent helpers in everyday life. They put away toys, can do cleaning, dust, vacuum and wash the floor. At 5 years old, a child is able to prepare food (make a sandwich, cut a salad). To develop a preschooler at home, no special classes are required. Through everyday household activities, children develop sense organs, cognitive processes, and self-esteem increases.

A five-year-old child is able to take care of hygiene, brush his teeth, wash his body, and keep his clothes clean.

Outdoor games

Children cannot sit in one place for a long time. When tomboys want to frolic, it is better to organize an active game that develops coordination, strength and dexterity.

Dance. At a holiday where many children gather (for example, on a birthday), you can organize a fun dance flash mob. Your favorite music from the cartoon “The Fixies” is suitable for this, complemented by funny movements that imitate the operation of household appliances. This game helps develop coordination.

• Wheelbarrow. The adult holds the child's legs in weight, and he moves on his hands. The exercise strengthens the muscles of the shoulder girdle well, and is perceived not as exercise, but as a game.
• 12 notes. Adults will need time to prepare, but with what excitement the children will solve riddles and look for the next note. The search process itself is no less interesting to participants than the prize at the end.

Tasks

Coloring books, puzzles, puzzles, and creative workshops increase a preschooler’s interest in the learning process and help create an atmosphere of friendship and understanding. Reading assignments have one important feature - they are multifunctional. Kids not only learn to read, but also develop motor skills, imagination, fantasy, thinking, and speech. It is simply impossible to do without interesting ideas for exercises and games for teaching reading to preschool children.

Find the letters and color them

Choose themed coloring pages. They may contain additional tasks, for example, color only those objects that begin with the letter “B”, color small images of letters, do not touch capital letters, etc.

Look at the picture and read

This task is suitable for children learning letters and reading syllables. Pictures with familiar objects can be shown in large quantities. Kids remember words well and use associations when reading without images.

After studying the words and relating them to objects, invite your preschooler to read the words without pictures. Familiar syllables form faster.

Reading syllable by syllable

For children who have mastered syllables well, short fairy tale texts are suitable. They can be read with parents or one at a time in class. After reading, be sure to ask your child what he understood and whether he can retell the text.

It is very important not to take boring, serious works for the lesson. Your child will be interested in learning the entire story of the characters from beginning to end in 3-4 sentences.

In the process of reading such fairy tales, the teacher develops an interest in books in young students and a love for independent study of literature.

Neuropsychic development of a five-year-old little man

In his development, a preschooler goes through a path from awareness of himself as an individual person to awareness of emotions, experiences and feelings. He forms ideas about himself through activities. Self-esteem is developing.

By the age of five, children accumulate experience interacting with adults: from parents to kindergarten teachers. It is reflected in the child's behavior. Phrases, actions, ways of resolving conflicts are the result of previous interaction between adults and the child, which was not always positive. The image of an adult is the orientation of a preschooler’s actions in the world of people.

The leading type of activity in the development of a child from 5 to 7 years old is role-playing play. In it, he takes the role of another person and, through playing out imaginary situations, models his actions. The norms of social relations and the world of value orientations are comprehended.

By watching a child play, you can learn about his experiences and help him improve his social skills. After 5 years, preschoolers build a plot based on their favorite books and cartoons. The game moves away from the external side of activity and is filled with internal meaning. The child uses substitute objects, such as a stick, imagining that he is riding a horse.

The age of five is the period of personality formation and the development of social behavior mechanisms.

Thinking

Logical thinking begins. The child thinks in his mind, creates an internal plan. At 3-4 years old, he participates in a situation using practical actions, and at 5-6 years old - using mental operations.

The thinking process of a 5-year-old child develops through the work of the senses. With their help, children become familiar with the concepts of shape, color, taste, smell, size, and orient themselves in space. On the basis of effective, practical thinking, figurative thinking is formed.

For its development, the child’s independence and activity in cognitive activity are necessary. Posing questions and constructing hypotheses contribute to the development of flexibility and dynamism of thought processes. Preschool is a time of high motivation for learning and exploration.

Memory and attention

Memory is involuntary. By the age of 6, the ability to memorize with the help of will is formed. An adult teaches a child memorization techniques. Children learn to repeat, comprehend, and connect material for the purpose of memorization. At the age of five, they work with all senses to develop volition.

Types of memory:

1. Visual. Remembering what you see. The volume at the age of five is 5-6 objects.
2. Auditory. Remembering what you hear. Volume - 6-7 words.
3. Motor. Memorizing poses and positions in space. Volume - 4-5 items.
4. Tasty. Memorizing tastes and relating them to objects. Volume: up to 10 different tastes.

Children remember information that gave them vivid impressions and was emotionally charged. They remember individual details of objects. Thanks to emotional memory, children form ideas about the world around them and safety in it. If a child gets burned on a hot iron, the next time he will remember what emotions it caused him. Preschoolers easily remember their favorite poems and nursery rhymes.

Children have photographic memory - the ability to quickly, vividly and clearly capture objects and reproduce them in detail in the future.

An example of a game for memory development.

What a 5 year old child should be able to do:

• find 6 differences between two pictures;
• hold 10 objects in the field of vision;
• repeat the pattern;
• remember 8 pictures;
• tell short stories and fairy tales from memory.

The attention of a preschooler develops from involuntary to voluntary. He is able, through an effort of will, to hold his attention on an object and perform uninteresting monotonous activities. At the same time, a five-year-old child is distracted by vivid stimuli and images and needs a change of activity.

Speech development

The language of a child at the age of 5 is enriched with complex concepts in the process of play and communication with adults, and coherent statements are formed.

Directions of speech development in middle preschool age:

• stock expansion;
• development of grammatical structure of speech;
• development of speech as a means of communication;
• development of speech as a means of planning and regulating behavior;
• development of phonemic hearing.

The ability to speak coherently, the ability to describe an event, appears. The child is able to negotiate with a communication partner, organize interaction, defend himself, and refuse contact.

By the age of 5, the child:

• has 3000 words in stock, makes 6-7 sentences;
• retells the text;
• uses antonyms;
• uses past and future tenses;
• must know his and his parents’ details, address;
• names objects and numbers.

From the age of 5, speech therapy classes are included in the plan of pedagogical work.

Norms of speech development.

Perception of the surrounding world

Five-year-old children are interested in the world around them, the origin of objects and phenomena. By this age, questions arise: “Where do children come from,” “Where do people go.” It is important for preschoolers to understand the mechanisms of formation of the world around them. They independently recreate a picture of the world if they do not receive answers to questions. Illogical explanations and magical ideas arise in the child’s mind, and fears may develop.

At 4-5 years old, children develop a fear of death. It is formed due to a lack of knowledge about the phenomenon. The child tries to find an answer from his parents, but adults avoid these questions.

The child feels that the topic causes increased anxiety and begins to be afraid. He unconsciously works through his fears in drawings and stories on the topic of death.

If parents pay excessive emotional attention to such drawings, the child will develop a fear of death. To avoid this, you need to show your preschooler children's encyclopedias and talk about the structure of the human body. It is useful to talk about the impact of a healthy lifestyle on its duration.