Methodological guide to correcting the sounds of oral speech (“P”, “Rb”) in adults

What exercises to do for the sound “r”?

Well, according to tradition, we send the reader straight to a speech therapist. Who else, if not they, are orderlies with clear pronunciation.

“There is no sadder story in the world than the story of a burry speech therapist.”

But if this is not possible, the following exercises will help:

• Drum. This is a spell to produce the sound "r" by abruptly pronouncing the sound "d" several times in a row.

Done with the mouth wide open. The tongue rises up and touches the alveoli next to the upper front teeth. Then you need to forcefully release the air from your mouth. Maybe you’ll get the desired “r” right away.

• Painter. With your mouth wide open, press your tongue to the alveoli behind your upper teeth and move it back and forth across the roof of your mouth for a few seconds.
• Mushroom. We suck the tongue to the palate, having first raised it with the mouth open.
• Harmonic. We make a mushroom and, without lifting it from the palate, lower and raise the jaw.
• We brush our teeth. We move the tip of the tongue along the back of the teeth.
• Cuckoo. We rest the tip of the tongue on the front teeth, and then touch the upper lip.
• Window. Keep your mouth open for as long as possible.

You can start with a short period of time, gradually increasing it.

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Can an adult learn to pronounce the sound R?

Having some experience as a speech therapist, I can already identify several of the most common questions with which potential clients most often turn to a speech correction specialist.

The following formulation falls into the category of “frequent” questions: “Can you teach an adult (me) to say the letter “R” (S, Sh, L, etc.). (By the way, a well-trained speech therapist will never say that a letter can be pronounced, sounds are pronounced, and letters... are written (!).)

This question is so relevant that I answer it here, for everyone to see, and not to everyone individually on the phone or eye to eye on Skype: “Yes! We (speech therapists) can teach you, adults, how to pronounce different sounds correctly!”

Another thing is that it may turn out to be somewhat more difficult or longer than, for example, in preschool children.

So, let's clarify.

Of course, if you have a relatively standard structure of the articulatory apparatus, that is, your lips, teeth, tongue, palate more or less fit into the generally accepted visual norm, then we will teach you to pronounce the ordered sounds in accordance with the generally accepted norm. I’ll immediately share an observation from practice - if you know how to correctly pronounce the sound “Zh”, rejoice - most likely, you already have the necessary arsenal of tools for articulating the sound “R”.

Second condition. If the mobility of your organs of articulation is preserved and there is no mention of such moments as dysarthria, aphasia, or cerebral palsy in its development, then we will teach you to pronounce the sound “R”.

I will say it again in other words - in the overwhelming majority of cases, an adult can be taught to correctly pronounce various sounds, including the sound “R”.

But on any path there are pitfalls. They also exist on the path of men and women who want to improve their pronunciation as adults.

Regularly in my practice, the following picture emerges: a client, an adult, masters pronouncing a difficult sound almost at the first speech therapy lesson and for some time feels happy and inspired. Difficulties begin when trying to introduce the sound that has appeared into speech, since for quite a long time (more than one week, and even more than one month), the lucky person will be forced to speak something like this: “Hello, my name is RRRRRR Roman GRRRRR Rigorievich, we are RRRR glad to accept you in our cityRRRRode. PRRRRR Come on in, please!”

As you understand, the new sound in speech will cause a lot of inconvenience and embarrassment to its owner and will serve as considerable entertainment for many others. Therefore, unfortunately, and as a rule, the new sound remains among the unused skills, and the usual burr is used in conversations... The client does not back down, begins to regularly study with a speech therapist, hoping that one day, in some completely incomprehensible way, the sound “ R" in his everyday speech is normalized... A miracle does not happen, since this requires the widespread introduction of a new sound into speech. Gradually, classes with a speech therapist fade away; the person remains able to pronounce the sound “R” very clearly, in an exaggerated manner, but this skill is not used in speech.

In conclusion, I want to add fuel to the fire and responsibly declare - nothing is impossible for a person with intelligence!!! Many adults are able to learn to pronounce the sound “R” ON THEIR OWN! To do this, it is enough to spend several days on the Internet studying numerous articles in the relevant field, or you can simply make an appointment with an online speech therapist (via Skype), where you will be professionally advised, prompted, supported, taught and directed!!!

Stage one – sound production.

All subsequent actions will be performed for each sound. Note - a sound, not a letter. That is, the letter “r” has two sounds: [p] and [рь], and each of them requires separate efforts. First you need to put in the sound, that is, make it so that you can pronounce it correctly. A speech therapist, using special tools, a mirror, and sometimes his own hands, will show you in what position all organs of articulation (tongue, lips, teeth) should be in order to pronounce correctly.

To learn to fix this position and pronounce a sound that is problematic for you in isolation, you need to make an effort. Firstly, you will need to “teach” all speech organs to take the correct position - therefore you will be offered special exercises, articulatory gymnastics, which would be good to perform not only at an appointment with a speech therapist, but also at home.

Secondly, at first, correctly pronouncing a difficult sound will require effort from you; not immediately everything will begin to work out naturally by itself. The mirror here will be your first friend and assistant. It is this that will, like in a fairy tale, “speak and report the whole truth” about what you are doing well and what you are doing not so well.

And now - hurray! Everything worked out, and you, for example, can roar like a tiger. But you are not yet able to speak words with the sound [r], and therefore we move on to the next stage.

Stage two - from sound to phrase.

Gradually, step by step, you will learn to insert sound into speech. Articulatory gymnastics is still your friend and assistant, but it’s becoming easier and easier for you to reproduce the problematic sound. It's time to move on to syllables, honing the connection of a consonant with all vowels in exercises. More precisely, with those that correspond to the area of ​​your work with a speech therapist, we remember that the sound is not equal to the letter. If you master [r], then it will be ra-, ro-, ry-, ru-, ry-, and if [ry] – re-, ri-, ryu-, rya-, ryo-.

Then we slowly move on to mastering the pronunciation of a difficult sound at the beginning of a word, at the end and in the middle, we begin to combine it not only with vowels, but also with consonants. During classes, a speech therapist will help you stay on top of the “correct” sound and teach you to hear yourself.

The specialist will also select exercises and sayings in accordance with your successes and in the sequence necessary for automation. So, it seems that you are unfamiliar with this professional term, now we will explain. Automation is precisely the process in question, designed to bring your new skill to perfection, to a state where it no longer requires any effort, when it becomes as natural as breathing.

Your homework will expand and include more and more new tasks. For example, pronounce clearly and correctly, highlighting [r]:

Ra-ra-ra. Here is a deep hole.

Ru-ru-ru. I take the axe.

The main thing is not to stop there. If you have reached the point of pronouncing the sound in words, this does not mean that the work is finished. Very often at this stage, correct pronunciation requires increased concentration of attention, and the sound clearly stands out from the rest of the speech. Therefore, we continue to attend classes and be sure to train at home, preferably every day. And now - you can already pronounce not only words and syllables, but also entire phrases, including tongue twisters.

Remember “Carnival Night”, where the main character, with a broom in her hands and nuts on her cheeks, practiced saying clearly: “The cuckoo bought a hood, how funny is it in the hood”? In the case of [r], you may be asked to pronounce the following phrases:

Karl stole corals from Clara, Clara stole the clarinet from Karl, if Karl had not stolen the corals, Clara would not have stolen the clarinet from Karl. There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass, don’t cut wood off the grass in the yard.

So, it seems, having read all of the above, you have come to the conclusion that this is not for you and it takes years of work to get the desired correct and beautiful speech. In fact, everything is not so scary. Most often, at the very beginning of working with a speech therapist, the first successes appear, and the pace of progress in the work can be very fast, and in a month or two of hard work you can add the sound [r].

Exercises for training

Since learning to pronounce the letter “r” is not easy for an adult, you should start with the simplest. You can master the technique yourself.

Pronouncing the sound “r” clearly requires a lot of patience and constant practice. With or without a speech therapist, you need to master a number of exercises. With a focused approach, they get better every day.

The following exercises will allow you to pronounce the treasured letter:

1. You should pronounce words containing the letter “r” several times a day.
2. To pronounce the sound correctly, you need to practice and pronounce “t” and “d” for a while. In this case, the greatest clarity should be achieved. In this way, the ability to hold the tongue in the correct position to pronounce a clear “r” is developed.
3. To achieve clear pronunciation, you should record your speech on a voice recorder. When listening to a recording, it is necessary to take into account possible inaccuracies.
4. You can play sounds reminiscent of a cat purring. The more often this exercise is done, the faster you can pronounce the desired “r”.
5. To learn to speak loudly, you should press the tip of your tongue to the upper palate and try to reproduce the clicking sound for several minutes in a row.