How to choose the right exercises and structure speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old?

Good day everyone and have a great mood! Tatyana Sukhikh is with you again and today we will talk about children who have speech problems. The topic is extremely relevant, and since it’s almost summer, it’s time for vacations, why not just lie flat on the road to the sea and directly on the beach, but work out with the kids? Take special cards with you, and in order not to turn your vacation into tedious study, play with emotions, for example, combining speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old and a game.

Why do you think we have so many children who are speech pathologists? 20 years ago there were only a few children with pathologies in sound pronunciation and phonemic perception. But every year, almost every second preschooler has speech problems of varying degrees of complexity.

I believe that this problem is connected, first of all, with globalization. Parents are so busy with themselves and their work that they have completely lost awareness of their role in shaping the child’s personality. What do we do for children at home?

We don’t read at night, replacing our voice with sounds from the TV, we hardly communicate, giving them a tablet in their hands... What all this will lead to in 20 years, it’s scary to think, honestly.

What to do? Fight together: we, teachers, speech therapists and parents, each do our part. And even though we are paid wages, and parents are not paid for their parental work, it is you, mothers and fathers, who are responsible for the fate of the child. It is you who he will make claims to as an adult, when he realizes that he was not given enough attention as a child...

Home games for speech development

Speech therapy classes for children - targeted communication with the baby in a playful way.

All existing speech development exercises can be divided into 4 groups:

• finger games;
• articulation gymnastics;
• onomatopoeia and logorhythmics;
• games to expand a child's vocabulary.

Let's look at each category of exercises separately.

Finger games for speech development

Some of the most effective activities for speech development are exercises that involve the use of fine motor skills, since there is a close connection between the human limbs and the brain center responsible for pronunciation. In addition, such games are suitable for children with just developing speech, for example, at the age of 1 year.

Your child will definitely enjoy the following exercises:

• "Flower". In the initial position, form a bud from closed palms, fingers should be raised up, and wrists should be pressed tightly. After the plant blooms, the fingers spread in opposite directions. While doing the exercise, say: “The sun wakes up - the bud opens. The sun is tired - the flower is going to bed.”
• "Kitty." Algorithm of actions for speech development exercises: clench your fists and place them on the surface directly in front of you. Afterwards, you need to simultaneously open your palms and press them firmly to the table. During the process you need to say: “Fist - palm. I stomp like a cat." Repeat 3-5 times, varying the pace.
• "Hedgehog". The child will definitely enjoy this exercise. In the starting position, place your palms at a slight angle and interlace the fingers of both hands. In the process, move your fingers evenly and say: “Tiny cheerful hedgehog. How good are you?
• "The Bird and the Water" Children 5 years old are crazy about this exercise. Initially, you need to place your elbow on the table, raise your forearm and fold your fingers in a “pinch” - this will be a “beak”. When completing the task, lower your “beak” (elbow motionless) and touch the table. In the process, imitate the movements of the bird: take water, straighten your neck, swallow. Accompany the exercise with a tongue twister: “Bent over, picked up, picked up and swallowed.”
• "Chicks in the nest." Gather the fingers of your left hand into a “bunch” - these will be “chicks”. Make a ring with the fingers of your right hand - this will be a “nest”. Send the birds to the nest, taking turns changing hand positions. Add text accompaniment: “Here are the chicks, and here is the nest. The chicks are warm inside.”

Finger gymnastics with learning texts at home is an excellent alternative to regular visits to a speech therapist. Such games provoke the development of speech, teach the use of spatial imagination and develop reaction speed. After a short time, you will notice that the baby begins to remember texts better and speak more expressively.

Speech therapy exercises for children 4-5 years old for speech development at home

Speech therapy exercises for children 4-5 years old for speech development at home

Speech for children 4-5 years old is the main way of socialization. It is at this time that they begin to actively talk, make acquaintances, think logically and reason. It is important for parents not to miss the moment and start putting the correct speech the sooner the better. If your child is already four years old, it’s time to do this.

Speech characteristics of children 4-5 years old

At this age, children begin to actively expand their vocabulary. So, by the age of 5, on average, a child already has about three thousand words in stock. In addition, five-year students begin to create more complex sentence structures. If previously they consisted of a maximum of 3-4 words, then at this age one sentence can consist of up to 10 words.

Speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old are very important

Sentences produced by a child aged 4-5 years are not always logically constructed correctly. If a child is telling a long story or retelling a fairy tale, he does not need to be corrected if the main idea or logic is lost. For this age this is within the normal range.

Note! Also, at the age of five, children often not only tell what they saw or heard, but also make up stories themselves, without relying on their life experience. This only once again confirms the correctness of development. Ridiculous stories are one of its components.

Basic characteristics of a child’s speech at 4-5 years old

By the age of five, a child already begins to distinguish sounds and is able to determine the presence or absence of a particular sound in a certain word. Normally, during the period of 4-5 years, a child should already have completed the formation of the pronunciation of certain sounds and letters that were previously difficult to achieve. So, for example, at 4 years old all hissing sounds should already be present in speech. And by the age of 5, a child should master such complex sounds as “l” and “r”.

In practice, everything is not always so perfect and more than half of children have some speech deviations. The following speech underdevelopment occurs:

phonetic;

phonetic-phonemic;

general.

Important! Simply put, children do not recognize, discriminate, or have serious difficulty pronouncing sounds.

How to conduct classes at home correctly

It is not necessary to immediately run to a speech therapist. To begin with, you can try exercises for speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old at home. They will help the child master correct speech, learn to hear and pronounce missing sounds.

Children should definitely be taught at home so that they learn how to pronounce sounds correctly.

Typically, speech therapists advise following these simple rules:

Exercises should be performed every day, always in a child-friendly environment.

Be sure to conduct lessons in a playful way. It is important to captivate the child so that the tasks do not seem boring and uninteresting to him. You can even arrange a sort of competition to see who can complete the tasks better or faster.

You cannot criticize or make sarcastic remarks to your child. So the desire to learn something new will disappear completely. Be sure to praise your child when he completes a task. Even if something doesn’t work out, you need to praise him for trying.

For classes, be sure to use literature that is designed to help parents teach their children independently. There are special reference books on speech therapy, which contain many different exercises for children, as well as recommendations for parents.

A speech therapy exercise for children 4-5 years old can be turned into pleasure if you correct your speech by studying rhymes and tongue twisters. They will not only allow the child to quickly grasp the necessary sounds, but will also have a positive effect on the development of memory.

You need to show your child an example of correct speech. Pronounce all words clearly so that the baby understands and clearly hears what is being said to him. You need to talk to him as much as possible, have conversations on any topic, tell different stories.

Lessons on making hissing sounds for preschool children

High-quality warm-up for lips and tongue

Warming up the lips and tongue plays an important role in the formation of correct speech.

Note! The baby will begin to pronounce words more clearly, without swallowing the ending.

Exercises as a warm-up:

1 Stretch your lips in a smile without showing your teeth. You should try to smile as widely as possible.

2 Pull your lips forward as if they were an elephant’s proboscis.

3 Take turns inflating one or the other cheek, then retract them in the same order.

4 Open your mouth and pull your lower jaw as low as possible, while holding your tongue to the roof of your mouth.

5 Open your mouth, stick out your tongue. Then put it in your mouth. Do this exercise for 15 seconds.

6 Pull out your tongue and blow on a piece of cotton wool on the table until it falls off the table. Blowing with lips is prohibited.

7 Using the tip of your tongue, first move along the upper teeth from the inside, then along the lower ones.

8 “Scratch” your tongue with your teeth, resting on the lower gum.

Important! To achieve visible results, you need to perform these exercises regularly. Each of them must be repeated at least 5-6 times.

Exercises for general speech development at home

At home, it is imperative to regularly conduct speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old, the exercises of which include not only the speech part, but also gymnastics for the speech organs and fingers.

Finger gymnastics

This set of simple exercises stimulates the part in the brain center that is responsible for correct speech. This is why fine motor skills classes are needed not only for the little ones, but also for preschoolers.

Finger exercises stimulate the part of the brain responsible for correct speech

All exercises are done 8-10 repetitions:

1 “Opening” and “closing” the fingers on each hand. First one by one, then together. You can gradually increase the speed.

2 Place your hands on the table: the left one touches the table with the palm, the right one with the back. Then at the same time you need to turn your hands over.

3 First, draw a river: fold your hands, palms up, as if you have water in them. Then depict a steamboat - put your palms together, press your thumbs together and lift them up. Then depict the fish that have arrived: press all your fingers together, palms together and make movements with your hands, as if a fish is swimming.

4 Draw a tree with branches - arms vertically, fingers spread out in different directions. Then show the roots of the tree - in the same position, move your hands with your fingers down. Then show leaf fall: quickly, quickly clench and unclench your fingers.

Articulation gymnastics

These exercises are aimed at developing the tongue, the main organ responsible for the correct pronunciation of sounds.

Examples of analysis of educational activities for speech development in preschool educational institutions

Note! Thanks to regular training in articulation gymnastics, the child will soon begin to pronounce even the most difficult sounds.

1 Smile as wide as possible, teeth are closed, exactly on top of each other. Stay in this position and count 10 seconds.

2 Pull your lips forward and pretend as if an elephant is drawing water with its trunk. Stay for 10 seconds in this position.

3 Pretend to be a snake: smile broadly, stick out your tongue like a tube, then hide it back.

4 Open your mouth wide and click your tongue, imitating a horse. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the child’s lower jaw is motionless and only the tongue is working.

5 Smile widely, stick out your tongue as far as possible and lightly hold it between your teeth. In this position, “pull” the tongue back into the mouth.

6 Open your mouth wide, stick out your tongue and pretend to be a clock - move your tongue from one corner of your mouth to the other.

Repeat all these exercises 8-10 times or for 10-15 seconds.

Games for developing phonemic sound

Speech therapy games for 4-5 year old children to develop phonemic sound must be included in daily classes. They are simple and at the same time interesting, and the results will not take long to arrive. After just a month of regular exercises, the quality of children's speech will noticeably improve.

"Game of Silence" This game is very simple. The child is asked not to make a sound for 2 minutes and close his eyes. As soon as the time is up, then ask the baby to tell what sounds he heard.

"Clap-stomp." The essence of the game: agree in advance with the child which sound he will stomp on and which sound he will clap on. For example, if he hears the sound [w], then he stomps his foot, if the sound [r], then he claps his palms. Next, the adult names different sounds, and when the child hears the ones he needs, he claps or stomps.

"Catch the word." The essence of this game is simple: the child is given a word, upon hearing which he will have to clap his hands. Next, the adult names several words in turn that sound similar. As soon as the child hears what he needs, he should clap his hands.

To develop phonemic sound, it is necessary to regularly play speech therapy games

Features of practicing hissing sounds

To teach a child to correctly pronounce hissing sounds, you must first introduce whistling sounds. If a child in the fourth year of life has learned to pronounce whistling sounds, then there should be no problems with hissing sounds. You can install them with a few simple exercises.

"Naughty tongue." The child sticks the tip of his tongue out of his mouth. Then he lightly slaps it with his fingers, while saying: “five-five-five.”

"Delicious jam." The lower lip is pulled down so that the teeth are visible. And the tip of the tongue licks the upper lip, as if it is very sweet there. At the same time, the lower jaw should remain motionless during the exercise.

“Hide the candy.” Mouth closed. Tighten your tongue and touch your left, then your right cheek. It's like there's candy hiding behind your cheek.

Repeat exercises at least 5 times.

Articulation gymnastics for children 3-4 years old in verse

If you print out special thematic pictures, then articulation gymnastics is very interesting and the meaning of the movements becomes clear to the baby. At this age, it is better to read gymnastics exercises in poetry.

Children 3-4 years old benefit greatly from the story about the tongue, which is an integral part of articulatory gymnastics. This is a whole series of stories about a cheerful tongue who gets into different adventures.

All exercises are divided into 2 large groups - static and dynamic. The first task is to teach how to hold the position as in the image. And the second group is needed in order to master the transitions from one movement and position of the speech apparatus to another. Here is a list of various static exercises:

“Pancake”: Your baby should place his tongue on his lower lip, keeping it relaxed and wide. The exercise is considered mastered when the time spent holding this position reaches 7-10 seconds.

• “Mushroom” is an exercise in which you need to quickly touch the palate with the tip of your tongue and at the same time keep your mouth wide open.
• “Tube” or “Proboscis”: we fold the upper and lower lips into a tube and pull them up, like an elephant.

Exercises for mastering various dynamic movements:

• “Clock”: the mouth is wide open, and the tongue is engaged in the same work as the pendulum of a clock - it moves from side to side from one corner of the mouth to the other.
• “Swing”: the position of the jaw is the same as in the “watch”, only now the tongue swings like a swing - up and down, from the upper lip to the lower. Such articulatory gymnastics in verse will help make the lesson fun and easy. There are many quatrains on the Internet that can accompany your classes.

Exercises for general speech development at home

At home, it is imperative to regularly conduct speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old, the exercises of which include not only the speech part, but also gymnastics for the speech organs and fingers.

Finger gymnastics

This set of simple exercises stimulates the part in the brain center that is responsible for correct speech. This is why fine motor skills classes are needed not only for the little ones, but also for preschoolers.

Finger exercises stimulate the part of the brain responsible for correct speech

All exercises are done 8-10 repetitions:

1. “Opening” and “closing” the fingers on each hand. First one by one, then together. You can gradually increase the speed.
2. Place your hands on the table: the left one touches the table with the palm, the right one with the back. Then at the same time you need to turn your hands over.
3. First, draw a river: fold your hands, palms up, as if you have water in them. Then depict a steamboat - put your palms together, press your thumbs together and lift them up. Then depict the fish that have arrived: press all your fingers together, palms together and make movements with your hands, as if a fish is swimming.
4. Draw a tree with branches - arms vertically, fingers spread out in different directions. Then show the roots of the tree - in the same position, move your hands with your fingers down. Then show leaf fall: quickly, quickly clench and unclench your fingers.

Articulation gymnastics

These exercises are aimed at developing the tongue, the main organ responsible for the correct pronunciation of sounds.

Practical advice and teaching materials for correcting pronunciation

Note! Thanks to regular training in articulation gymnastics, the child will soon begin to pronounce even the most difficult sounds.

1. Smile as wide as possible, teeth are closed, exactly on top of each other. Stay in this position and count 10 seconds.
2. Pull your lips forward and pretend as if an elephant is drawing water with its trunk. Stay for 10 seconds in this position.
3. Pretend to be a snake: smile broadly, stick out your tongue like a tube, then hide it back.
4. Open your mouth wide and make a clicking sound with your tongue, imitating a horse. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the child’s lower jaw is motionless and only the tongue is working.
5. Smile widely, stick out your tongue as far as possible and lightly squeeze it between your teeth. In this position, “pull” the tongue back into the mouth.
6. Open your mouth wide, stick out your tongue and pretend to be a clock - move your tongue from one corner of your mouth to the other.

Repeat all these exercises 8-10 times or for 10-15 seconds.

Games for developing phonemic sound

Speech therapy games for 4-5 year old children to develop phonemic sound must be included in daily classes. They are simple and at the same time interesting, and the results will not take long to arrive. After just a month of regular exercises, the quality of children's speech will noticeably improve.

• "Game of Silence" This game is very simple. The child is asked not to make a sound for 2 minutes and close his eyes. As soon as the time is up, then ask the baby to tell what sounds he heard.
• "Clap-stomp." The essence of the game: agree in advance with the child which sound he will stomp on and which sound he will clap on. For example, if he hears the sound [w], then he stomps his foot, if the sound [r], then he claps his palms. Next, the adult names different sounds, and when the child hears the ones he needs, he claps or stomps.
• "Catch the word." The essence of this game is simple: the child is given a word, upon hearing which he will have to clap his hands. Next, the adult names several words in turn that sound similar. As soon as the child hears what he needs, he should clap his hands.

To develop phonemic sound, it is necessary to regularly play speech therapy games

When there's a problem

Unfortunately, not all children can boast of this level of speech development. It is especially difficult for those whose parents do not pay due attention to this aspect: they communicate little with the child, read little, do not teach poetry with him, citing their endless busyness.

However, a child who by this age does not yet speak or speaks very poorly should definitely cause concern for the parents. In speech therapy, it is believed that this is the maximum permissible age for speech correction, when the time allotted for it is hopelessly running out

It is important to use it as much as possible to help your preschooler talk. After all, speech is not only a means of communication, but also the key to a little person’s successful education at school and his further socialization

What should cause concern for parents at this age?

• If a child speaks very unintelligibly, changing, skipping or confusing letters and syllables, does not pronounce many sounds, it is difficult for those around him to understand.
• Answers in monosyllables, does not know how to construct a common sentence.
• Has difficulty describing pictures or toys, and cannot finish a sentence started by an adult.
• Has a very meager stock of words frequently used in everyday life.
• Has difficulty selecting and may confuse words, especially if they are similar in sound but have different meanings.
• “Eats” the endings of words, “swallows” syllables.
• Constantly gets confused in numbers, cases, prepositions, conjunctions, not responding to corrections from adults.
• Pronounces sounds inappropriately softly (lisps) or deliberately firmly (as if with an accent).

The reasons for such a delay can be very different: anomalies in the development of the tongue, palate, lips, hearing organs; neurological disorders, mental retardation, birth trauma or pregnancy pathologies, mental disorders, severe fear or psychological trauma, social neglect (lack of attention to the child, lack of communication and care, antisocial family)

When is it necessary to contact a speech therapist?

Most speech and pronunciation disorders in children are caused by deviations or insufficient development of the structures of the speech apparatus (short frenulum, weakness of the tongue muscles, salivation, malocclusion, etc.). A specialist speech therapist helps solve these problems, who, with the help of special exercises and techniques, will teach a four-year-old child the correct pronunciation of sounds, correct speech tempo disorders and relieve him of stuttering.

At the same time, many speech disorders in 4-year-old children are associated with underdevelopment or structural features of the cerebral cortex. In this case, the cause of the speech defect is insufficient development of the child’s memory, imagination, perception, and mental activity. This is manifested by general underdevelopment or a delay in the development of clear speech; the child has a small vocabulary, is unable to construct a complex sentence, and confuses prepositions and endings. In this case, you should contact a speech therapist-defectologist, whose work is aimed at stimulating the child’s higher mental functions.

In general, contacting a speech therapist at the age of 4 years is justified in the following cases:

• stuttering, which is manifested by repeated repetition of words and prolonged sound pronunciation;
• incorrect, unclear pronunciation of consonant sounds, inability to pronounce “R”, “L”, “W”;
• dyslalia, accompanied by confusion of sounds;
• in the child’s speech there are no elementary sentences with subjects, predicates, and objects;
• there are many repetitions in the child’s speech, he reproduces memorized phrases;
• speech is too fast or, on the contrary, extended over time;
• it is difficult for the child to assimilate information; he does not repeat words and phrases at the request of his parents.

At what age do children put together puzzles?

Usually, even the simplest puzzles with several parts are labeled as “3+”. It is assumed that 3 years is the best age for the first acquaintance with this exciting game. Indeed, manipulating cardboard puzzle pieces is much more difficult than playing with bulky toys, which are more suitable for children. However, a child’s fine motor skills do not develop overnight, so you can try playing with puzzles before the age of 3.

At 1.5-2 years old, you can offer a simple puzzle of 2-3 elements:

At 2-3 years old, the baby will be able to assemble a picture from 4-6 parts:

At 3-4 years old, puzzles with 6-12 pieces are optimal (for experienced puzzle lovers - up to 20):

Children 4-5 years old can cope with puzzles of 20-40 elements (experienced - up to 60):

A child 6-8 years old should buy puzzles with at least 60 pieces:

In any case, when buying a puzzle, you should focus on the capabilities of a particular child: does he have experience in putting this puzzle together, is he able to put together so many elements and, on the other hand, will the child find the chosen game too simple and boring, although the labeling and is appropriate for his age.

Articulation gymnastics

Speech therapy classes for 5-6 year old children must include articulation gymnastics, which is a complex exercise for warming up the tongue and lips. The baby’s ability to perform some of the movements necessary for correct sound pronunciation depends on how trained and developed the tongue and lips are. To make activities with your child effective, be sure to use a mirror of the appropriate size. The baby must see how his speech organs work. You don’t need to be a speech therapist to show your child how to do the exercises correctly:

"Swing". Smile, showing all your teeth. First, lower the tip of your tongue to your lower teeth, then lift it and hide it behind your upper teeth. The result is a kind of swing. Ask your child to repeat the exercise after you 4-5 times while playing. “Brushing our teeth.” By the age of 5, children can already keep their mouth clean on their own. In this exercise, you need to imitate brushing your teeth and rinsing them, but without using toothpaste and a brush. Starting position: smile with your mouth wide open. Next, you need to tense the tip of your tongue and clean the lower teeth from the inside with all your might, then lift the tip up and carefully work on the upper teeth

It is important that you cannot close your mouth. Repeat the exercise 8-10 times

Now ask your child to close his mouth and “rinse” it. "Jam". You need to smile with your mouth slightly open. Now ask your baby to lick first the upper and then the lower lip with the tip of his tongue. After 10 repetitions, you need to change the direction of movement.

Regular repetitions of these simple speech therapy exercises will actively contribute to the development of speech in a 5-6 year old child.

Onomatopoeia and logorhythmics

Classes with a speech therapist in the clinic often include a block of exercises to develop correct hearing. At home, you can easily create similar conditions to develop your child’s speech and auditory perception with the help of simple exercises. All you need is time, a phone or computer with a speaker, and available tools.

Games aimed at developing hearing:

• "Ears". Take several items made from different materials. Metal and wooden spoons, glass and crystal glasses are suitable. Invite your child to listen to what these objects sound like, then ask him to close his eyes and guess what this thing is just by ear.
• "Meow". Find a recording online with the voices of animals known to your child. Turn it on and ask your child to guess which animal the voice belongs to.
• "Street". Download a recording with the sounds of various vehicles. Invite your child to listen to it and say what kind of transport passed. For recognition, it is better to take familiar types of vehicles - a truck, car, motorcycle, tractor.
• “Where is the noise?” An excellent game for developing spatial hearing. Place the child in the center of the room and blindfold him. Take the bell and walk around it silently, jingling it periodically. The baby needs to identify the source of the noise by ear and point his hand in its direction.

To develop hearing and speech, speech therapists often ask children to imitate the voices of animals and birds, as well as household noises. Take turns saying “tick-tock”, “chick-chick”, “drip-drip”, “woof-woof”, “w-w-w” and the like with your child.

Logorhythmics is a set of exercises that includes the simultaneous use of movement, speech and music (optional). With the help of such games, developing a child’s speech is as easy as shelling pears. Remember about the bull that walks and staggers. Speak the text, show the movements. Let the child repeat after the adults. It will be fun for both the child and you.

Expansion of vocabulary and speech development

For a child, games for speech development, first of all, should be interesting. Tongue twisters are what you need for useful and productive communication in a playful way. Short rhyming phrases are easy to remember, which allows you to seriously expand your baby's vocabulary. A 5-year-old child uses passive and active dictionaries. The first consists of words that he understands, the second - those that he often uses. To improve both vocabularies, be sure to include tongue twister exercises in your speech development games.

How to conduct classes at home correctly

It is not necessary to immediately run to a speech therapist. To begin with, you can try exercises for speech therapy classes for children 4-5 years old at home. They will help the child master correct speech, learn to hear and pronounce missing sounds.

Children should definitely be taught at home so that they learn how to pronounce sounds correctly.

Typically, speech therapists advise following these simple rules:

• Exercises should be performed every day, always in a child-friendly environment.
• Be sure to conduct lessons in a playful way. It is important to captivate the child so that the tasks do not seem boring and uninteresting to him. You can even arrange a sort of competition to see who can complete the tasks better or faster.
• You cannot criticize or make sarcastic remarks to your child. So the desire to learn something new will disappear completely. Be sure to praise your child when he completes a task. Even if something doesn’t work out, you need to praise him for trying.
• For classes, be sure to use literature that is designed to help parents teach their children independently. There are special reference books on speech therapy, which contain many different exercises for children, as well as recommendations for parents.
• A speech therapy exercise for children 4-5 years old can be turned into pleasure if you correct your speech by studying rhymes and tongue twisters. They will not only allow the child to quickly grasp the necessary sounds, but will also have a positive effect on the development of memory.
• You need to show your child an example of correct speech. Pronounce all words clearly so that the baby understands and clearly hears what is being said to him. You need to talk to him as much as possible, have conversations on any topic, tell different stories.

An interesting activity in the middle group on speech development

High-quality warm-up for lips and tongue

Warming up the lips and tongue plays an important role in the formation of correct speech.

Note! The baby will begin to pronounce words more clearly, without swallowing the ending.

Exercises as a warm-up:

1. Stretch your lips in a smile without showing your teeth. You should try to smile as widely as possible.
2. Pull your lips forward as if they were an elephant’s proboscis.
3. Take turns inflating one or the other cheek, then retract them in the same order.
4. Open your mouth and pull your lower jaw as low as possible, while holding your tongue to the roof of your mouth.
5. Open your mouth, stick out your tongue. Then put it in your mouth. Do this exercise for 15 seconds.
6. Pull out your tongue and blow on a piece of cotton wool on the table until it falls off the table. Blowing with lips is prohibited.
7. Use the tip of your tongue to first move along the upper teeth from the inside, then along the lower ones.
8. “Scratch” your tongue with your teeth, resting on the lower gum.

Important! To achieve visible results, you need to perform these exercises regularly. Each of them must be repeated at least 5-6 times.

Children's speech therapy chants

If a specialist is faced with the task of correcting the speech of children from two to three years old, then all kinds of chants are used to solve this problem. This choice is due to the natural relationship of the speech apparatus with music and movements. The text offered to them is of particular interest to children. A speech therapist contributed to the development of each of them, so they help children develop their imagination, increase their emotional state and make their mood joyful.

The more often the chants are performed, the faster children’s complexes regarding the fact that they are pronouncing any words or letters incorrectly go away. When performing a task, the main emphasis is on correct pronunciation and clarity. Children should develop the ability not to speak words, but to mint them.

It is also noted that primary school children also perform tasks of this type. They call it logorhythmic five-minute periods. When children repeat chants with some regularity, they develop hearing, singing ability, speech and movement.

Any speech therapist will tell you that you can’t just listen to chants. Each has its own methodology for working with children:

all chants are listened to according to the natural development of sounds: first vowels, then syllables with heavy consonants; chants should be accompanied by characteristic movements (display the essence of what the child is singing about); the work needs to be structured in such a way that the speech therapist or adult takes over from the chant the sounds that the baby is not working on, and the children sing what is being corrected; Initially, children need to recite the text of the chant, then accompany it with characteristic sounds (clicks, claps, stomp), and this will result in logorhythmics; The position of the children is also important; they should not sit, but, on the contrary, should actively participate in the process; Each vowel sound is shown by the speech therapist with his hands, and the child repeats after it.

Chants are considered one of the most effective exercises in speech therapy.

Warm up for lips and tongue

Classes should begin with a special warm-up for the tongue and lips. It is done while sitting, in this position the child’s back is straight and the body is relaxed. It is important that he sees the adult’s face and his own face. This way he will be able to control the correct execution. Therefore, you need to exercise in front of a mirror of sufficient size.

After the correct place has been chosen, the adult, using game techniques, tells what exercise will now need to be done. Then he shows it, and the baby repeats. An adult controls the process and, if necessary, helps with a small spoon, clean finger or other object.

Exercises can be like this:

• stretch your lips in a smile, while keeping your teeth hidden;
• extend the lips in the form of a proboscis;
• with clenched jaws, raise your upper lip;
• make rotational movements with your lips extended into a tube;
• stretch out your lips, clasp them with your fingers, massaging them;
• first inflate two cheeks, then each separately, pull in the cheeks;
• open your mouth, lick your lips in a circular motion;
• stick out your tongue, stretch it up and down, it should be tense;
• With your mouth open, press your tongue to the roof of your mouth and pull your lower jaw down.

Speech norms

You can understand how timely a child’s speech develops at this age based on the following guidelines.

• The main quality of speech of a 4–5 year old child is the ability to speak coherently and consistently.
• The child uses words in accordance with their meaning.
• His speech contains adjectives, pronouns, prepositions, including complex ones (due to, from under), adverbs.
• He knows how to control the strength and pace of his voice - speak softer, louder, whisper, slower, faster.
• Normal speech has the correct average tempo.
• A preschooler is able to fairly fully describe an object, toy, or picture.
• When telling a poem, the child actively uses intonation.
• Pronounces almost all sounds. Problems can only arise with and, sometimes the whistling and hissing ones continue to “sink”.
• The vocabulary at this age is approximately 3–4 thousand words, among which there are more and more adjectives denoting the qualities of objects, colors and shades; collective nouns appear.
• A child can begin to rhyme words, coming up with the most unimaginable constructions for rhyme (“fire” - a spark, “nikova” - no one’s).
• The baby is able to formulate sentences not only simple, but also complex (“I’m putting on a hat because it’s winter”; “I’m 4 years old, and my sister is already 7 years old”).
• Some grammatical errors are acceptable: incorrect agreement of words by gender and number, incorrect endings of verbs.

Baby development from infancy

To avoid problems with speech, it is important to develop the baby’s fine motor skills from the first months. The parts of the brain that are responsible for these functions are located quite close and closely interconnected. Various finger games have a positive effect on the way a child speaks.

It is useful to massage the fingers and palms and offer objects for study that differ in materials and textures. Joint drawing is good for development, including with finger paints, modeling from plasticine or dough, stringing beads, puzzles, mosaics, various lacing, construction sets. Communication between elders and the baby is also of great importance. It is important to talk to him from the first weeks of life, tell him poems and fairy tales, and pronounce your actions.

Reasons for incorrect pronunciation

Pronunciation may be incorrect or unformed because:

• the child is still too small to pronounce, simply skips the phoneme, says not “fox”, but “isa” (mastering the sound “L” occurs at about 4 years, recognition of hardness and softness – at 6 years);
• the tongue is placed incorrectly (interdental pronunciation is clear, but distorted);
• the tongue is lowered (bilabial pronunciation is typical for the English, often observed in children raised in interethnic families);
• the tongue is relaxed, and the lower lip actively moves ("B" appears).

In the cases described above, articulation is impaired due to a defect in the position of the tongue in the mouth. Also, a pronunciation defect is a consequence of the fact that a distorted air flow is formed due to the incorrect position of the end or middle of the tongue:

• the lips move when producing sound, not the tongue;
• the end of the speech organ descends rather than rests on the upper incisors;
• the middle of the tongue bends upward, and the end drops (normally it should be the other way around).

To correct the described defects of the articulatory apparatus, several sessions with a speech therapist are sufficient. But if the cause of distorted pronunciation is dysarthria caused by pathologies of the nervous system, then a systemic and multi-stage correction is required.

Prices

Consultation with a speech therapist (20 minutes) - 1,000 rubles.

Consultation with a speech therapist - defectologist, initial appointment with detailed diagnostics (40 minutes - 1 hour) - 1800 rubles.

Repeated appointment, lesson (40 min - 1 hour) - 1500 rubles.

Speech therapy massage - 1500 rubles/session.

Probe massage - 1500 rubles/session.

One session with a speech therapist for a 4-year-old child cannot last more than 45 minutes. The number of sessions required for correction is determined individually depending on the speech defect.

Speech therapy exercises for practicing at home

All speech therapy exercises can be divided into three large blocks, each of which needs to be given attention and carried out regularly:

Development of phonemic hearing

The ability to distinguish sounds by ear seems natural, but if you ask your preschooler to spell a word, you will see gaps.

For children 5-6 years old, there are a large number of special games and exercises that help develop phonemic hearing. These include:

• selection of words starting or ending with a given sound;
• counting sounds in a word, determining the syllable structure;
• drawing up a sound diagram of a word;
• inventing rhymes and short poems;
• pronouncing speeches and tongue twisters.

Thoughtful speech therapy classes for children 5-6 years old make it possible to make all the sounds of their native language obedient and easy.

Finger gymnastics

Fine motor skills of the hands help speech activity, so older preschoolers must do it without fail.

Of course, for children 5-6 years old, the exercises should be complex, with a script, in verse. It is useful to select sets of exercises for both hands at the same time, synchronous. Don't forget to use "helpers":

• small massagers (rubber balls, rollers, cones);
• scissors for cutting;
• plasticine;
• origami paper.

Also remember that all types of needlework, construction, and any creativity are great ways to improve fine motor skills outside of individual lessons.

Articulation gymnastics

Special language exercises must be performed every day if there are any problems with pronunciation. For home exercises, it is best to choose a set of exercises with a poetic description and pictures.

Do a tongue warm-up every day, always in front of a mirror (this allows the baby to observe the process himself, assessing its success). If you have problems with one or two sounds, then articulatory gymnastics should be selected for them. These can be found in thematic workbooks on speech therapy.

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Tuesday, August 17, 2010 12:35 + to quote book

By the age of 4-5, a child must pronounce all sounds correctly - this is necessary for his further development, correct writing and reading. A few of our tips can help you: 1. You need to find out exactly which sounds are disturbed. To do this, ask your child to name the pictures or repeat after you words that contain the sound you are interested in at the beginning, middle, or end of the word, for example [C]: sled, scales, bus; [Z]: hare, goat; [C]: chicken, cucumber, chicken; [W]: hat, mice, reeds; [F]: giraffe, skis; [SH]: brush, lizard, cloak; [H]: teapot, cloud, ball; [L]: shovel, saw, woodpecker; [R]: fish, cow, ball. 2. Each sound needs to be worked separately. Start with the “easiest” sound, then take on others in order of increasing difficulty: k, g, x, s, z, c, w, w, sch, h, j, l, r. 3. Start working on each sound with gymnastics for the lips and tongue. They do it in front of a mirror so that the child can not only feel the work of his organs of articulation, but also see it - this will have a positive effect on the development of his phonemic hearing, and therefore on sound pronunciation. Perform each exercise 10 times, but make sure that the child does not get overtired and does it with desire. You can achieve results only if the child has positive emotions. Exercises can be found in any book on speech therapy. Here are some of them. “Proboscis – smile”: the lips either stretch out with a proboscis, like an elephant’s, or smile, like a frog. “Spatula – needle”: the tongue is sometimes wide, sometimes long and narrow. “Swing”: the tip of the tongue either rises behind the upper teeth or falls behind the lower teeth. The mouth is wide open. “Clock”: the tip of the tongue, like a clock pendulum, moves from the right corner of the lips to the left and back at different speeds. “Painter”: “paint the sky” with the “tip” of the tongue (drive only along the front part of the palate). 4. First you need to achieve the pronunciation of one sound, and not whole words. It is best to get sound by explaining to the child where and how to place the tongue and what kind of lips to “make”. K, g, x: raise the tongue “in a lump” to the back of the palate, the tip of the tongue is lowered, the lips are slightly open; s, h: the tongue “grooves” at the bottom of the mouth, the lips smile, the air flows in the middle of the tongue along the groove; ts: the sound consists of the rapid pronunciation of two sounds - [t] and [s], at the first moment the tip of the tongue rests on the “tubercles” behind the upper teeth, as with the sound [t], then bounces back to the position [s]; w, g: stick out your tongue, make a cup (“so that the water doesn’t spill out”), remove the cup behind your upper teeth, lips are rounded, stretched forward like a “horn”; l: the tongue rests on the bases of the upper teeth or on the teeth, stands firmly, like a “soldier on duty”, does not allow the air that flows along the sides of the tongue to pass through; p: the tongue is raised to the alveoli, trembles slightly under the pressure of a strong stream of air, the lips make a “grin like a dog’s”, hard, tense. 5. To achieve a strong, directed exhalation, come up with all sorts of games: soap bubbles, blowing bubbles through a cocktail straw into the water, just blowing hard on the water in a deep plate, spinners, whistles, chasing a “boat” through the water, a sliver of wood, driving the ball into the goal. , a cotton ball between two pencils. All games have one condition: the cheeks must be thin (not swollen). R is the most difficult sound. It is often pronounced in French: the tip of the tongue is at the bottom, and its root or uvula, a small tongue, trembles. It is difficult to fix this, but it is possible. Try the exercises: 1) hit the alveoli with the tip of your tongue, saying “d-d-d...” (like on a drum); the lips are tense, the mouth is open. Then exhale forcefully onto the tip of your tongue “d-d-d-d-d-r”; 2) place small pieces of paper on the tip of the tongue, quickly lift them behind the upper teeth and blow them off with a strong exhalation; 3) pronounce “zh-zh-zh” and move the tip of the tongue. That is, when performing all these exercises, you need to ensure that the tip of the tongue is raised to the bases of the upper teeth and “trembles.” Your child has a new sound! 6. In the next lesson (and you need to practice for 15-20 minutes daily), consolidate sounds in syllables, for example SHO, SHU, SHA, ShB, SHI, OSH, USH, ASH, ESH, ISH or TRA-TRO, DRO-DRY, ATR -ADR, OTR-ODR. When it becomes easy, start repeating words and naming pictures with these sounds. 7. Now make sure that the child pronounces the mastered sound in his free speech. This stage of automation can last a long time, even a year. Be patient. 8. As you consolidate one sound in everyday speech, simultaneously begin working on the next one. 9. It happens that a child perfectly pronounces similar sounds, for example “z” and “zh”, or “s” and “sh”, or “ch” and “sch”, and replaces them in his speech. This is dangerous for future writing. The same errors may occur when writing. Moreover, the child will confuse not only these letters, but also other paired consonants (b - p, d - t, d -d, t - t), since with such a violation not only the sounds mixed in speech are affected, but also the sounds the letter system as a whole. To avoid future mistakes, you need to consider with your child what the difference is in the position of the organs of articulation when pronouncing these sounds, listen to their sound with your eyes closed, compare, think with your child what you hear in the sound - the squeak of a mosquito or the buzz of a beetle. Then - this game: you name the child syllables with mixed sounds, and he determines what sound is in this syllable. Then do the same with words. And then pick up and teach how to correctly pronounce simple sayings like “Drying on the table, cones on the pine” or: Chicky-chicky-chickalochka, The bear rides on a stick! A squirrel on a cart cracks nuts. Or A. Barto’s poem “We didn’t notice the beetle.” Don't forget to read books to your child every day. Even small seeds of development that fall into the soul will certainly germinate. This is the preschool age - the most receptive. What else, besides correct sound pronunciation, should be in the speech of a six-year-old child? He not only summarizes “vegetables” in one word - cabbage, potatoes, beets - but also independently lists what applies to, say, fruits. When listing “planes, cars, trains, tractors,” he singles out the plane and explains: “It flies, it has wings”; a six-year-old is already able to explain the differences between, say, the same airplane and a bird: “She is alive, and he is iron, he has a motor” (singling out the most essential must be tirelessly taught). In a book, picture, or film, the child highlights the main thing, is able to retell the content, understands who the hero of the work is, who acts correctly and why, and condemns negative characters. A child at this age composes fairy tales, stories, understands fiction, fantasy and distinguishes them not only from reality, but also from the lies that he condemns. He is able to perform a poem in front of adults, reading it expressively, conveying the mood. He studies the alphabet, composes syllables and remembers the spelling of several words, highlighting them in the text; writes some words of three or four letters and his name in block letters - of course, making monstrous mistakes; understands the plot connection between three pictures, composes a story or fairy tale based on them. If your preschooler has not achieved something yet, help him patiently and joyfully. And your efforts will be rewarded handsomely. Your child's receptive age will also help with this. source this will also be interesting Tongue twisters for children starting with the letter B Speech therapy exercises - tongue twisters and poems for children starting with the letter Z Speech therapy classes with children - tongue twisters starting with the letter R and L (l) Pure twisters for children for the development of speech - starting with the letter C Tongue twisters for the development of correct diction starting with the letter F Tongue twisters for improving diction and speech development in children and adults starting with the letter H Tongue twisters for developing diction starting with the letter W The most complex tongue twisters Speech therapy exercises for the language for children, in pictures Speech therapy exercises. By the age of 4-5, a child should pronounce all sounds correctly. Funny physical exercises in verses and pictures POSTERS FOR CHILDREN (alphabet, etiquette, numbers, DD rules, etc.) in high resolution

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Game aids and material for speech therapy sessions

• Speech development games
• Breathing exercises for children. Recommendations, manuals, games for breathing development
• Finger games, gymnastics.
• Tongue. Speech therapy visual and didactic aids

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Showing publications 1-10 of 2798.All sections | Speech therapy and speech games

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Speech therapy classes: consolidation of pronunciation

Speech therapy classes in a playful way arouse great interest among children. As a result, it is possible to achieve positive results faster. The most frequently used games are:

1. "Path". A path is drawn on a piece of paper from the written letter to the drawn object, the name of which contains this letter. The patient moves his finger from the letter along the line to the drawing, pronouncing the problematic consonant, and at the end of the path he names the drawn object.

2. “The Fox and the Koloboks.” A figurine of a fox and 10 koloboks are cut out. The speech therapist asks the patient to name a specific word. If the task is completed successfully, then the bun runs away from the fox; if not, then the fox eats another bun.

3. Subject cards. The cards depict objects whose names contain a problematic consonant. The preschooler is asked to name the depicted object.

4. Speech therapy cards with the sound L.

Usually, parents cope with all of the above activities on their own. But if a lot of time has passed, and speech therapy training at home has not yielded a positive result, then the help of a speech therapist is required.