What is distortion in music? When and how to use it?

• Speech therapist.No
• Dislalia (FNR)

Phonetic speech disorder is a group of speech disorders represented by disorders in which the leading symptom is a violation of sound pronunciation. The child's intellectual and mental development corresponds to his age. There may be disturbances in attention, behavior, and motor disorders that are concomitant.

This group includes dyslalia (simple, complex) or otherwise “tongue-tied.”

Dyslalia is a violation of sound pronunciation with normal hearing and intact innervation of the articulatory apparatus. In practice, the pronunciation of any of the phonemes of the native language can be impaired (dyslalia) or difficult (paralalia).

Phonetic speech disorder (FSD) in medical classification: F80.0 Specific disorder of speech articulation.

Forms of dyslalia

Monomorphic (simple) One sound or several sounds from one group suffers (S-Z-C or Sh-Zh-Ch). Polymorphic (complex) Several sounds from different groups suffer (S-R-K-SH). Physiological (age-related) Sound pronunciation disorders up to 5 years of age, caused by insufficient development of articulation organs. After 5 years it goes away on its own. This is the only form of dyslalia that is present in all people at some stage of development. Functional Impairment of sound pronunciation in the absence of deviations in the articulatory apparatus and the functioning of the central nervous system, auditory and peripheral articulatory apparatus. The ability to voluntarily accept and maintain certain positions of the articulatory organs necessary for pronouncing sounds is impaired. Violation of sound pronunciation may be associated with the inability to distinguish and differentiate phonemes. Quite often, isolated use of a sound may not be disrupted, but changed in spontaneous speech. The degree of severity is determined by the severity of the defect and the number of disturbed sounds. Organic (mechanical) Caused by hereditary, congenital or acquired anatomical defects of the peripheral articulatory apparatus (malocclusions - progeny, prognathia, “thick” tongue, short frenulum, etc.).

Listening to phase distortions of sound..

In nature, sound phase distortion does not exist. The only place in the universe where this type of distortion can be heard is in hi-fi salons.

It is difficult to identify phase distortions; this is a sensation for which there is a complete lack of experience (they do not exist in nature). Everything sounds very clean and legible, but somehow specific.

Most people find the light from fluorescent lamps unpleasant. And why exactly this light is unpleasant to them, they do not understand. It's simple. In nature, there are no light sources with “humpbacked” spectra:

In fact, the spectrum of fluorescent lamps is several columns (4-6 pieces). Lamp sellers spare the psyche of buyers.

spectrum of fluorescent lamps

Added up, the light from fluorescent lamps really does appear white to people. All objects in the room look legible, with very good detail.

But a brain injury occurs that identifies the spectrum abnormality. After all, this did not happen in the previous billion years. And the person feels discomfort accordingly. The level of this discomfort will depend on the degree of personal paranoia.

Sound phase distortion is uncomfortable for the same reason. They are anomalous in nature.

If you initially know what you are looking for, the task becomes much easier.

The experiment consists of the fact that in the first case you listen to the original musical soundtrack, and in the second the same recording, but already reproduced on a three-way acoustic system.

Take something like a modern B&W for an experiment; these acoustics give absolutely guaranteed results. The brand is not important, any others will do: preferably three-lane ones, in which the stripes are divided as low as possible. Typical, for the modern audio industry, second order.

For control, take any broadband acoustics, headphones, or even speakers from a radio or TV. You can use two-way acoustics that do not have a filter on the mid/bass head, or it is very high by modern standards (5 kHz). The fact that its frequency response will be very curved, and the range at the top and bottom will be truncated, does not matter. Since in both test cases you will have absolutely the same frequency response.

It is important to listen in stereo, and in the very near field (at a distance of about 30-50cm).

Those readers who do not want to delve deeply into the theory can immediately skip a few paragraphs. And immediately start listening to examples.

We feel only the sensation that arises as a result of information processing by the brain.

It is easier to explain how the sensation that arises as a result of information processing by the brain differs from the fixation of reality using the example of photo fixation.

If the sun shines evenly, everything in the photo is very similar. But as soon as complex and atypical conditions arise, objects turn out to be completely different from what we saw in life before. The brain automatically recalculates the information received and brings it to a more useful and convenient form. When taking a photograph and then viewing the photo, the brain can no longer recalculate the primary information. And what we see in the photo looks very unusual.

The light of the sun and a table lamp are different in color, but in life the brain smoothes out this difference.

Recounts wild contrasts. “White” is automatically taken, etc. That is, we see not how it is, but how it is more convenient and practical.

Have you ever seen a white ceiling as black in your life? And what a wonderful view from the window.

Many people know that we have a blind spot in the center of our vision. A fairly large area that the brain continuously completes. Automatically placing a similar patch on a black spot that we cannot see. But we can find this patch only by fixing the pupil in the direction and replacing the information in the area that is being drawn by the brain. In this case, the subject does not notice this substitution. That's how powerful the processing tool is.

And all this with a compression of approximately 1 in 100. Scientists have calculated (it is not known exactly how) that to provide vision without compression it would be necessary to double the mass of the brain. And that's just for sight. Which will require repeatedly increasing the weight of the carcass. Further, the problem will come up against the force of gravity and all resources will be spent on providing this mass. And the choice is approximately this: live as a person with compression or become an elephant.

The mechanism for processing sound waves is similar, including compression, etc..

If there is atypicality or anomaly in the sound of the speakers, the brain recalculates and brings the vibration of sound waves into a clear and familiar image.

And if you record three-way acoustics on a high-quality recorder, and then listen to the result on broadband acoustics, it becomes obvious that this acoustics actually played. Absolutely all the diversity of sounds of this world will be familiar in the recording and exactly the way we are used to hearing it.... with the exception of Hi-Fi acoustics.

The brand doesn't matter, it's the result of the filters. And it will always be like this for everyone. The more stripes, the lower and harder these strips are cut, the more obvious the result will be.

Sellers cultivate the opinion that YouTube will not allow you to convey the sound quality of Hi-Fi acoustics. And we are not going to do this from the beginning. We will only compare the sound quality of the original track. With what happens when a high fidelity Hi-Fi audio system is added to this track. Perhaps we will hear the difference? Or is the distortion of high fidelity audio systems so low that there will be no difference?

This is how recorders write. Recordings from all recorders starting at $100 sound almost identical. Overall sound test:

Everything is exactly as we are used to hearing. You can take other examples recorded by the recorder - the result will always be the same.

But this is what happens if you write down high-fidelity systems:

Money For Nothin

Now compare with the original mp3 track with quality truncated by Yandex.

It is clearly expressed and obvious that “high fidelity systems” almost completely destroy stereophonicity. The level of phase distortion is prohibitive.

If we were in the room at the time this video was recorded, the brain would recalculate these phase distortions. And the music would be perceived much better. But when we are dealing with a recording, the brain can no longer recalculate the primary information. It turns out like in the photo with a black ceiling and a yellow lamp - the brain can no longer perceive the ceiling and the light of the lamp as white, no matter how hard we strain. There is nothing left to recount - we are listening to an audio recording of reality.

All three-way acoustics have very limited stereophonicity. Up to 500 Hz, stereophonicity is perceived on three-way speakers, not as stereo, but as garbage. To do this, on demo recordings everything below 500 Hz is mixed into mono. You can read more about the features of demophonograms here. And the remaining range transforms the stereo image in a very specific way. It turns out pseudo-stereo. You can select soundtracks that will sound “beautiful” on three-way acoustics. Test demophonograms are specially produced for this purpose.

But a normal, intelligible stereo picture, which is provided by almost any broadband speakers, cannot be obtained from them. At the dawn of the emergence of three-way acoustics, even the form factor of the speaker itself did not assume that the listener was in the stereo zone. These were low bedside tables “ala” Radiotekhnika-S90, which were placed on the floor. Raising them to the level of the listener's ears and placing the speakers according to the rules of an isosceles triangle did not make them sound better. Quite the contrary.

If you are outside the stereo zone, you partially lose the sense of stereo. But for those genres of music for which these three-way speakers were purchased, this was not at all critical. People don’t go to a disco or a rock concert to get emotions from the stereophonic sound.

And if you start listening to a three-way speaker according to all the rules of an isosceles triangle, stereophonicity will naturally increase.

Equilateral triangle rule

But this is not quite stereo, it is pseudo-stereo. And the big question is whether it is necessary at all. But now, together with him, you will have to “eat a ladleful” of wild phase distortions. And practice has shown that the vast majority of experiments on raising three-way speakers to ear level end with them being installed back on the floor. And usually, completely against the rules of an isosceles triangle.

The second pronounced feature of acoustics with large phase distortions is the “porridge” of all instruments. Instruments in different octaves sound at different times.

The phonograms of “audiophile jazz” allow you to make these features of three-way speakers as invisible as possible. If we move towards “audiophile jazz”, the problem will become less and less noticeable.

The problem is not going away, but on “audiophile jazz” it is least noticeable.

People who conduct such an experiment for the first time experience culture shock at how audio systems actually sound. The most “killer” experiment is to take a modern three-way acoustic system and record how it reproduces the phonogram. And then listen to the same recording on the same acoustics... you will hear a collection of garbage.

An expert in the audio equipment category, Alyonushka, expressed the following opinion: “Brother Ivanushka, don’t listen to music on modern three-way systems, you’ll become a little goat!”

For comparison, recording with amateur homemade wideband acoustics is just recording with microphones:

An example has appeared from the High End Show 2021

Live musicians played at this exhibition. What they played was recorded and played back on “high fidelity” systems. First, let's listen to a recording with live musicians:

Below you can listen to the recording played on high fidelity speakers. The situation was not saved by the fact that there were only three musicians. Not that they played audiophile jazz (the instruments are not rhythmically connected)…. The author of the recording claims that the sound engineer only had 10 minutes, he didn’t have time... and that’s why everything was so “wrong.” Especially the level and character of the bass.

But 10 minutes is more than enough time to bring the bass level back to normal. There is a knob on the remote control called the instrument volume level ... In 10 minutes it was possible to coordinate three instruments in volume... even for the dumbest sound engineer. There are only three tools !!! There are also three volume knobs.

The difference in sound that you hear is basically phase distortion. The fact that the sound engineer raised the bass level and the frequency response was “broken”... - the sound engineer was trying to modulate the sound without phase distortions (live performance), on acoustics with large phase distortions.

And the result is almost always like this... a broken frequency response and a “porridge”...

And the protrusion of the bass level is very typical. With phase distortion, it seems that the bass needs to be made higher in level. This property clearly and obviously manifests itself when setting up a subwoofer. To feel the presence of bass, you always want to make the low frequencies louder.

Once again we give the first example, a similar “stuttering” of the low frequencies in it is also not accidental. This is a consequence.

For advertising and promotion, sellers tried, as an experiment, to record the sound of acoustics. But after they heard how it sounds in reality (the recording is a recording of reality) they immediately stopped doing it.

The seller in the video advertises audio systems, but does not do the only logical thing - he does not let you hear how they sound. It turns out to be incredibly stupid. It’s like if the seller talks a lot about a wonderful TV or laptop, but never turns it on. He will talk for a long time against the backdrop of a black screen... talking about how well, brightly and naturally it conveys colors. And then he will say goodbye.

From time to time complaining that YouTube does not provide the opportunity to convey the quality of a laptop screen. And for this reason, we will not show you the laptop turned on.

The sellers came up with a way out - they began to brazenly put the original phonogram under the image. YouTube is full of such videos. But they are immediately caught doing this, it is so obvious.

Out of complete despair, an option was invented, which is now the main one for sellers - to give 2-3 seconds of sound, on a completely incomprehensible phonogram. So that no one has time to understand anything. In the comments to such videos it is clearly visible that the public is well aware that they are being fooled.

I think many have already understood the reason for the fatigue from listening to modern Hi-Fi acoustics. You wouldn’t get tired if your brain has to continuously recalculate the sound of these “high reality” audio systems into something that at least somehow corresponded to the experience of the previous almost billion years.

A natural question arises: how do the Hi-Fi industry manage not to notice this? How could it be possible for 30 years!!!.. not to notice that the characteristics that they endlessly improved are not associated with a sense of quality? And bring the situation to a state of absurdity, when high-quality audio from a mass popular hobby became the lot of individual marginal characters. And all this in the most popular theme of music!!! You need to be able to do this.

Don’t think that there is some kind of global conspiracy against music listeners. This is just a consequence of the system model in which the Hi-Fi and Hi-End industry makes money. It is enough to familiarize yourself with it superficially to understand why this happens.

Subscribe to our announcements and find out who and how exactly “snapped all the polymers.”

Continuation:

Living and dead music. How instruments are recorded and what they are like .

Beginning of a series of articles : Hi-Fi is dead, but we are not yet. Part 1

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Causes of functional dyslalia

Somatic Physical and neurological weakness due to long-term chronic diseases of the body (indigestion, frequent colds) Social

1. Pedagogical neglect (parents do not correct deficiencies in their children’s speech and do not demonstrate examples of correct sound pronunciation).
2. Bilingualism in the family (When parents speak different languages, the child inserts another into one language. For example, French + Russian = throat sound “R”).
3. A sample of incorrect speech in a child’s environment (by imitation).

Incorrect articulation Selecting incorrect articulation Underdevelopment of phonemic hearing Physical hearing can be preserved, but phonemic hearing is impaired.

No sounds

Children often miss complex sounds that they have not yet learned to pronounce, for example: fish - yba, kolobok - koobok, baby - small, etc.) - this is an absolutely normal phenomenon, characteristic of almost all children in the process of speech development. It is important not to miss the time when the absence of sound already turns into a pathology. In the ontogenesis of children's speech up to 3 years of age, [a], [o], [u], [i], [e], labiolabial [p], [p'], [b], [b'] appear. , [m], [m'], by the 3rd-4th - [s], labiodental [f], [f'], [v], [v'] and posterior lingual [k], [g] , [х], [к'], [г'], [х'], by the age of 4, a child’s speech normally already contains sibilants [s], [s'], [z], [z'] , [l'], by the age of 5–6 years, hissing [w], [zh], [sh] and [l], [r], [r'] appear. If a child at the appropriate age does not pronounce certain sounds, it is necessary to consult a pediatric speech therapist for advice.

Disadvantages of pronunciation of individual sounds

Staging with a “mushroom”

The most reliable one is from the “fungus”. Suck your tongue to the palate and blow on the tip of the tongue, there are a lot of variations: blow TSS, DZZ, JJ, TSHSH, just T or D. If the tongue falls, hold it with probes or just your index fingers in the area of ​​the molars. Or simply hold the probe between the teeth, preventing the jaws from closing. The method is very simple and reliable. The good thing is that the sound is always perfect and correct.

Usually at the beginning you get a ratchet - DRRR, which is easy to process and turn into R. But it also takes the longest time, because learning how to make a mushroom is not always easy to do quickly if the child has problems with tone or bite. This is the only way to correct an incorrectly articulated sound: lateral, guttural, single-beat. But you need to keep in mind that if the fungus is performed incorrectly, the tongue does not stick to the palate, but simply rises up or turns back, then the sound will not work. Or the baby doesn’t blow on the tip of his tongue, and it doesn’t come out either.

Speech therapy technique for dyslalia

Stages of speech therapy for dyslalia

Preparatory stage

• Trusting relationship with the child.
• Development of auditory attention, auditory memory and phonemic perception.
• Formation of the articulatory base.

Stage of formation of primary pronunciation skills

• Sound production.
• Automation of sound (in isolation, in syllables, in words, in phrases).
• Sound differentiation.

Stage of formation of communication skills

• The use of sound in all communication situations.
• Speech control

A set of exercises for the speech organs

Articulation gymnastics is needed here for the preparatory stage

before sounding.
It is carried out in a playful way
to interest the child as much as possible.

Don't miss: What is dysgraphia?

Tasks to improve lip mobility

• Smile. Stretch your lips in a smile so that the upper and lower rows of teeth are visible. Maintain the position for 5 seconds.
• Pipe. Pull your lips forward, making them a ring.
• Doors. Open your mouth wide. At the same time, stretch your lips into a smile.

Tongue mobility tasks

• 
  We brush our teeth. Imitating a toothbrush, clean the upper and lower rows of teeth in turn.

• Horse. Click the tip of your tongue against the roof of your mouth.
• Machine gun. Open your mouth wide. Tap behind the upper teeth with the tip of your tongue. At the same time, pronounce the sound “D” out loud, gradually accelerating the pace.

Exercises help with weak tongue

, making it more mobile.

Expert opinion

Margarita Sergeevna S.

Speech pathologist and speech pathologist with 15 years of experience working in various speech correction centers with children of different ages.

Not the entire range of tasks for the mobility of speech organs is presented here. Best ways

are selected for
individual lessons for preschoolers
and they are given
homework
to work in a relaxed atmosphere with loved ones.