Speech and phonation breathing as the basis of correct speech

Breathing is the energetic basis of spoken speech. The development of speech breathing largely determines the child’s formation of coherent speech, namely correct sound pronunciation, the ability to maintain normal speech volume, its smoothness and intonation expressiveness. By paying attention to establishing the correct speech breathing of the baby in early childhood, you can avoid many speech disorders in the future. In this article we will tell you about the features of speech breathing and ways of its development in preschool children.

Features of speech breathing in preschoolers

Speech breathing in preschool children differs from the breathing of adults and has its own characteristics:

• Insufficient development of the respiratory apparatus. If the inhalation and exhalation are weak, then the child’s speech will sound quiet and unintelligible. Sometimes, due to lack of air, children do not finish sentences. There are times when the baby tries to pronounce the entire phrase while inhaling, so he speaks quickly and does not observe logical pauses. Poor development of the respiratory system may be associated with the presence of chronic respiratory diseases in the child, such as sinusitis and sinusitis, as well as a sedentary lifestyle.
• Irrational distribution of exhaled air. Children who have recently learned to speak often run out of air on the first syllable, so they pronounce the end of a word or phrase much more quietly or even “swallow” it.
• Inability to distribute breathing according to words. To replenish the smell of the air, the child has to take a break, during which he may forget what he wanted to say.
• Speech sounds may be distorted due to improperly exhaled air.

Speech breathing in most preschool children is imperfect. But it is often difficult for parents to notice this due to the fact that they communicate with the baby constantly.

There are approximate norms for the number of words pronounced on exhalation, which can be used as a guide when assessing a baby’s speech breathing:

Consultation for parents “Speech breathing is the basis of correct speech”

Anna Ropotova

Consultation for parents “Speech breathing is the basis of correct speech”

Speech breathing is the basis of correct speech.

Breathing is the basis of human life and health. Normally, in children, in parallel with physiological breathing , speech breathing . What is the difference between speech breathing and normal breathing ? Physiological breathing is involuntary , inhalation and exhalation are the same in duration, and are carried out through the nose. Speech breathing is a controlled process in which inhalation occurs through the mouth and nose, and exhalation occurs through the mouth, while the inhalation is much shorter than the exhalation. Thus, normal breathing is not enough for speech .

Correct speech breathing ensures:

- normal voice production;

— clear sound production;

— creates conditions for maintaining normal volume, smoothness, intonation expressiveness, and strict adherence to pauses.

Preschoolers, especially children with disabilities, often experience unformed speech breathing due to their age characteristics and somatic weakness. This is manifested in the following:

- weak breath;

- insufficient volume of exhaled air , exhalation of weak force, short, intermittent (speech sounds either loud or quiet, barely audible)

;

- uneconomical distribution of exhaled air (the child exhales the entire supply of air on the first syllable and then finishes the phrase or word in a whisper, or does not finish it, “swallows”

end of a word or phrase);

— an incorrectly directed exhaled air stream leads to distortion of sounds.

There are 3 main ways of breathing : 1) upper breathing (clavicular)

;
2) middle breathing (thoracic or intercostal)
;
3) lower breathing (abdominal or diaphragmatic)
.

It has been established that the most correct and convenient for speech is diaphragmatic breathing , when inhalation and exhalation are performed with the participation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. In this case, the lower, most capacious part of the lungs is active. The upper chest, as well as the shoulders, remain practically motionless.

Each age has its own indicators of pronouncing a certain number of words while exhaling:

Age of the child The number of words on exhalation is normal Duration of the lesson on the formation of speech breathing

2-3 years 2-3 words 2-3 min.

3-4 years 3-5 words 3-4 min.

4-6 years 4-6 words 4-6 min.

6-7 years 5-7 words 5-7 min.

Thus, correct speech breathing in preschoolers ensures correct assimilation of sounds , is capable of changing the strength of their sound, helps to correctly observe pauses, maintain fluency of speech , change volume, and use speech melody .

Therefore, it is so important to form correct speech breathing ; there are many games and exercises for this. Let's look at some of them.

Conditions for games and breathing exercises

• Exercise in a clean, ventilated room with normal air humidity.

• Exercise no earlier than 1.5 – 2 hours after eating.

• Conduct classes in loose clothing that does not restrict movement.

• Do not overwork; if you feel unwell, postpone classes.

• Dose the amount and pace of exercises.

Stages of speech breathing

Stage 1 – formation of non-speech breathing .

1. Game "Sultan"

(the sultan is easy to make from bright foil or New Year's tinsel, tying it to a pencil).

Task: to encourage the child to voluntarily exhale.

The adult invites the child to blow on the plume with him, drawing the child’s attention to how beautifully the stripes fly away.

2. Game "Feather"

Task: to form a voluntary oral exhalation.

The child blows a feather and a light cotton ball from the palm of an adult.

3. Game "Ball"

Task: to form a voluntary oral exhalation.

An adult invites the child to blow on a light ping-pong ball that is in a bowl of water.

4. Game “Breeze”

Objective: to teach prolonged oral exhalation.

An adult invites the child to blow on a dandelion flower, a twig with leaves, or on leaves cut out of thin paper, like a breeze, accompanying the child’s actions with a poetic text:

A very hot day.

Blow quickly, our little breeze.

5. Game "Hot tea"

Task: teach the child to exhale through the mouth for a long time.

An adult offers the child to blow on hot tea (soup)

in a saucer (plate) so that it cools faster.

(The cup is cut out of colored cardboard, steam is represented by thin paper and attached to the cup with tape).

A child blows on "steam"

.
If it blows correctly , then the “steam”
deviates from the cup. The demonstration of the action is accompanied by the words:
“I’ll take in some air and blow on the tea
.

6. Game "Boat"

Task: to form a long oral exhalation.

An adult offers to blow on a light paper or plastic boat in a basin of water.

7. Exercise “Push the ball into the goal”

Task: to form a long, targeted oral exhalation .

a “ball”
made of paper or made of cotton wool (foil, colored paper) , the child and the adult alternately blow on it, rolling it over the table.

8. Game “Blow out the candle”

Task: to form a long, targeted oral exhalation .

There is a lit candle on the table in front of the child (use candles to decorate the cake)

. The adult offers to blow on the candle so that it goes out.

9. Game “Whose locomotive is buzzing louder”

Task: teach long and targeted exhalation (without puffing out your cheeks)

.

To play the game you need several small bottles with a small neck for medicine or perfume. The adult brings the bubble to his lips and blows into it so that a whistle is heard, then invites the child to do the same - blow into each bubble in turn (without puffing out his cheeks)

.

10. Game “Let’s warm our hands”

Task: to form a targeted warm stream of exhaled air .

The adult invites the child to warm his or his mother’s hands. It is necessary to pay attention to the position of the lips (mouth wide open)

.

11. Game "Bunny"

Task: distinguishing between cold and warm streams of exhaled air .

An adult reads a poetic text:

“It’s cold for the bunny to sit

We need to warm our little paws. (blows a warm stream of air onto the child’s cupped hands)

.

The bunny burned his paw.

Blow on it, my friend." (blows on the child’s hands using a cold stream of air)

.

Then the child is invited to blow in the same way.

12. Game “Guess by smell”

Task: to form a nasal inhalation.

Equipment: six Kinder Surprise boxes with many holes made in them: 2 boxes filled with orange peels, 2 boxes filled with dried mint leaves, 2 boxes filled with bags of vanilla sugar.

A. “Paired boxes”

: the child sequentially sniffs each box from his set and selects one with a similar smell from the adult’s set.

B. “Put it in order”

: the adult’s boxes are displayed in a certain order, the baby smells them and tries to put his set in the same sequence. Suggested instructions:
“Place the mint box first, then the orange, then the vanilla
.

Complication: by increasing the number of boxes.

13. Game "Bubbles"

Task: to create the prerequisites for a combined type of breathing (nasal inhalation, oral exhalation)

.

This is done using a glass half filled with water and a cocktail straw. An adult shows a child how to blow bubbles using a straw (inhale through your nose, exhale through your mouth, holding the straw between your lips)

. The child learns to control the force of exhalation (with a strong exhalation, water is swept out of the glass; with a weak exhalation, bubbles do not form on the surface).

14. Exercise “Tube”

Task: to form the prerequisites for combined breathing , to teach how to regulate the force of the air stream.

The child blows through a tube made of thick paper (or through a cocktail straw)

on a piece of cotton wool or a feather lying on the table.

15. Game "Soap Bubbles"

Task: to form the prerequisites for combined breathing , to activate targeted oral exhalation .

It is carried out with a ready-made toy purchased in a store.

An adult introduces the child to the way the toy works and encourages him to blow soap bubbles through the ring.

Stage 2 – formation of speech breathing .

1. Game “Who has the longest sound (syllable?”

Task: formation of speech exhalation .

(syllable) in one exhalation.

.

2. Game “Name the pictures”

Task: formation of speech exhalation .

Equipment: 3-5 subject pictures.

The adult lays out 3-5 pictures in front of the child and asks them to name them in one breath.

3. Game “Repeat the sentence”

Task: formation of smooth continuous speech .

The adult pronounces a sentence, a proverb (saying), the child repeats on one exhale.

4. Game “My funny ringing ball”

Task: formation of smooth continuous speech .

The child recites any poem and at the end of each phrase hits the ball on the floor.

How to breathe correctly?

When diagnosing speech development, speech therapists always pay attention to how the child breathes during a conversation, the strength and duration of his inhalations and exhalations, and how he places pauses. Formation of speech breathing is one of the first stages of correctional work with a child who has any speech disorders. Correct speech breathing has the following signs:

• Short breath through the nose;
• Exhale smoothly, the air comes out through the mouth;
• Exhalation is carried out to the end;
• After each exhalation there should be a short pause (2-3 seconds).

The development of speech breathing is closely related to the functioning of physiological breathing.

Only by learning to breathe correctly (deep short inhalation and smooth long exhalation) will a child be able to fully master his voice. The most effective methods of working with preschoolers are breathing exercises. Conventionally, they can be divided into two large groups, depending on their purpose:

1. Formation of correct exhalation;
2. Breathing training using various speech materials (practicing the pronunciation of sounds and their combinations, learning poetry).

The development of speech breathing in preschoolers allows:

• Speed ​​up the process of staging and automating speech sounds;
• Increase the number of words that the baby pronounces in one exhalation;
• Form intelligible, coherent speech;
• Coordinate the processes of speech, breathing and movements.

Formation of speech breathing in speech therapy

In case of speech defects, one of the important stages of correction is the development of speech breathing. This is especially true for preschoolers, because most speech disorders appear in childhood.

In order to develop a strong air stream, be able to control it, not choke when speaking, observe pauses, maintain fluency of speech, master the pronunciation of sounds, and you will have to work on speech breathing.

Speech breathing consists of three stages:

1. Formation of diaphragmatic breathing and prolonged oral exhalation.
2. Distinguishing between nasal and oral exhalations.
3. Development of speech breathing.

At the first stage, the skill of breathing deeply is mastered, using all parts of the lungs. This is possible with the participation of the diaphragm in the breathing process. The tension of the intercostal muscles and the smooth movement of the diaphragm ensure an even and prolonged exhalation, imperceptible from the outside.

At the second stage, the breathing apparatus is prepared for voice formation, the ability to distinguish the direction of the air stream and feel the work of the respiratory muscles comes.

The third stage teaches you to evenly distribute air as you exhale and add it during speech. This is important in order to divide the phrase into intonational and semantic segments.

Now let’s look at what exercises at each stage will help in establishing speech breathing.

But first, let's remember some simple rules:

• the room where the lesson is taking place must be ventilated;
• perform breathing exercises before meals;
• clothing should be loose and not restrict movement;
• While doing the exercises, as you inhale, make sure that your shoulders do not rise, and as you exhale, your cheeks do not puff up.

The stage of formation of diaphragmatic breathing and prolonged oral exhalation

All activities on inflating anything, for example, balloons, soap bubbles; on creating a storm in a glass of water, table football with a ball made of cotton wool.

Playing wind musical instruments also helps well in the development of phonation breathing; it helps develop the respiratory muscles and lungs, and teaches you to breathe with your stomach.

Pronunciation of vowel sounds and syllables during an extended exhalation, in a whisper and with the participation of the voice, helps to automate this process.

If you organize activities with children in the form of a game, this will create a relaxed atmosphere, ensure their activity, awaken interest and help quickly achieve the desired result.

Distinguishing between nasal and oral exhalations

To differentiate exhalation through the nose and mouth, it is useful to perform the following exercises:

• inhale and exhale through the nose;
• inhale through your nose, exhale through your mouth;
• take in air through your mouth and exhale through your nose;
• inhale and exhale through the mouth.

And these are dynamic breathing exercises that combine breathing with body movements:

Development of speech breathing

The ability to rationally distribute exhalation is developed when pronouncing syllables. The syllables are pronounced as you exhale loudly, evenly, separately. Their number is gradually increasing.

BA-BA-BA

NA-NA WA-WA LA-LA

NU-NO VI-VO LU-LE PA-PO

After mastering this skill, you can move on to pronouncing words and phrases, also increasing their number in one exhalation.

It is good to practice gaining air during the pronunciation process using poetic material during pauses between lines. It must be done energetically and silently. To control your breathing, you can hold your palm on your stomach to feel the movement of the diaphragm.

Try:

The acquired skill of speech breathing is consolidated during communication in everyday life. It takes some time for the ability to breathe correctly while speaking to become a habit.

If you use this time by developing the child’s cognitive abilities, his horizons, vocabulary, improving his diction and speech technique, then new skills will enter his life much faster.

And with them, psycho-emotional stress, uncertainty, and fear of communication will disappear.

Recommendations for performing breathing exercises

• Classes must be carried out in a well-ventilated area;
• All exercises should be performed before meals;
• Clothing should not hinder the baby's movements;
• The muscles of the child’s neck, shoulders, arms, chest and abdomen should be relaxed;
• Inhalation should occur through the nose;
• The exhalation should be long and smooth;
• Make sure that when performing breathing exercises, the child does not puff out his cheeks. At first, you can hold them with your palms;
• 3-5 repetitions of each exercise are enough, between which you should take a 2-3 second pause. The total duration of breathing exercises should not exceed 5 minutes.

It is very important to measure the amount of breathing exercises and perform them at a moderate pace to avoid hyperventilation.

Recommendation for parents on the speech development of preschoolers

It is important to understand that only a qualified preschool specialist can give competent and effective recommendations. As a result of the examination, he will determine whether the child’s speech breathing is impaired and will show exercises for children. It will also choose the direction of development. The specialist may recommend enrolling the child in a group for diverse communication or send him to a preparatory speech therapy kindergarten.

There is a specialized kindergarten

Breathing exercises

Exercises for child speech exist in large quantities. The main thing is to develop a habit in your child and make training fun for him.

Exercises for children's speech development:

• Take in more air through your nose, inflating your stomach, and hold your breath. Release the air through your mouth. Every day, gradually increase the time you hold your breath.
• Having taken in more air, release it with pauses, in small portions.
• Exhale normally and calmly and try not to inhale for longer.
• As you exhale, pronounce a low “oo-oo-oo.”
• As you exhale, pronounce a high-pitched “pee-pee-pee.”

Plan for the final lesson on speech development in the middle group

Principles of speech development in preschoolers

There is a group of fundamental principles:

• comprehensive development (speech, intellectual, motor development);
• the principle of real communication;
• the principle of development of linguistic intuition;
• the principle of the versatility of speech development;
• cognitive principle.

Formation of emotionally rich speech, rich in intonations

To create the appearance of emotionally rich speech with rich intonations in a child, first of all you need to communicate a lot with him. Answer his questions in detail, without ignoring the questions, and also teach the child himself to answer in detail.

Note! High-quality children's literature is important. You should definitely read it out loud to your child. It is important to “live the dialogues” and not read with one intonation, i.e. expressiveness is needed.

If, despite his young age, the baby already knows how to read, then role-playing reading with him will be an excellent training. Theatrical activity is an excellent activity in achieving this goal. It is worth practicing a small skit with your child at home, holding an art concert in which both the preschooler and all family members will participate, and showing a performance.

Exercises to develop the strength and duration of exhalation

• Breeze. Tie several ribbons of serpentine or Christmas tree rain to a thread or lace. Invite your baby to blow on them and create a breeze. You can make the task more difficult by asking them to blow on ribbons of a certain color. The distance between the face and the ribbons should be approximately 10-15 cm.
• Leaf fall. Cut out real autumn leaves from paper or collect them from the street. Together with your child, you can arrange a real leaf fall by blowing them off the table. In the winter season, you can also play with paper snowflakes.
• Fly, feather! Let the baby throw the feather up and blow on it from bottom to top, not letting it fall.
• Pencil athletes. Draw start and finish lines on the table. At the start, put two pencils of different colors. Take turns blowing with your child on his own pencil and arrange a competition to see which of them will “run” to the finish line first.
• Sailors. Make boats out of paper or cork and lower them into a basin of water. There is a strong wind at sea - we blow on the ships, forcing them to move.

• Blow out the candles. You can role-play a birthday situation with your child. Prepare a toy set, cake and real candles. By blowing out the candles, you can make a wish.
• Pinwheel. A fidget toy is great for creating proper exhalation. Children love to watch the rotating blades and are proud of the result of their efforts.
• Whistles with the sounds of various animals and birds will also delight the baby and will be very useful for the development of his speech breathing.
• Another simple way to practice breathing is using soap bubbles.

Make sure that the child makes smooth and long exhalations. Gradually make the exercises more difficult by increasing the distance between your face and the object being deflated.

Card index of games for the development of speech breathing in preschool children

The source of the formation of speech sounds is an air stream leaving the lungs through the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity or nose to the outside. Correct speech breathing ensures normal sound production, creates conditions for maintaining normal speech volume, strictly observing pauses, maintaining fluency of speech and intonation expressiveness.

Speech breathing disorders can be a consequence of general weakness, adenoid growths, various cardiovascular diseases, etc.

Such imperfections in speech breathing, such as the inability to rationally use exhalation, speech while inhaling, incomplete renewal of air supply, etc., which negatively affect the development of children’s speech, may be due to improper upbringing and insufficient attention of adults to children’s speech. Children who have weakened inhalation and exhalation, as a rule, speak quietly and have difficulty pronouncing long phrases. If air is used irrationally, the fluency of speech is disrupted, since children are forced to take in air in the middle of a sentence. Often such children do not finish the words and often pronounce them in a whisper at the end of the phrase. Sometimes, in order to finish a long phrase, they are forced to speak while inhaling, causing speech to become unclear, convulsive, and choking. A shortened exhalation forces you to speak phrases at an accelerated pace, without observing logical pauses.

When starting to develop speech breathing in a child, it is necessary first of all to form a strong, smooth oral exhalation. At the same time, it is necessary to teach the child to control the exhalation time and use air sparingly. Additionally, the child develops the ability to direct the air stream in the desired direction.

During the games described in the article, constant monitoring of correct breathing is necessary.

Remember the parameters of correct oral exhalation:

- exhalation is preceded by a strong inhalation through the nose - “we take a full chest of air”;

- exhalation occurs smoothly, and not in jerks;

— during exhalation, the lips form a tube; you should not purse your lips or puff out your cheeks;

- during exhalation, the air comes out through the mouth, you should not allow the air to escape through the nose (if the child exhales through the nose, you can pinch his nostrils so that he feels how the air should come out);

- you should exhale until the air runs out;

— while singing or talking, you should not take in air with frequent short breaths.

When playing games aimed at developing a child's breathing, it is necessary to keep in mind that breathing exercises quickly tire the child and can even cause dizziness. Therefore, such games must be limited in time (you can use an hourglass) and be sure to alternate with other exercises.

The games and exercises listed below will help teach your child to smoothly exhale a strong, directed stream of air through his mouth.

Games and exercises for development

smooth oral exhalation

Fly, butterfly!

Target:

development of prolonged continuous oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment

: 2-3 bright paper butterflies.

Progress of the game:

Before starting the lesson, tie a thread 20-40 cm long to each butterfly, attach the threads to the cord at some distance from each other. Pull the cord so that the butterflies hang at the level of the standing child’s face.

The teacher shows the child butterflies and invites them to play with them.

- Look how beautiful the colorful butterflies are! Let's see if they can fly. The teacher blows on butterflies.

- Look, they're flying! How alive! Now you try to blow. Which butterfly will fly farthest?

The child stands near the butterflies and blows on them. It is necessary to ensure that the child stands straight, does not raise his shoulders when exhaling, blows on one exhalation without taking in air, does not puff out his cheeks, and slightly pushes his lips forward.

You can blow for no more than 10 seconds with pauses to avoid dizziness.

Breeze

Target:

development of strong smooth oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

paper plumes (brooms).

Progress of the game:

Before starting the game, you need to prepare the brooms. To do this, attach strips of colored paper to a wooden stick. You can use thin tissue paper or a “rain” Christmas tree decoration.

The teacher offers to play with a broom. Shows how to blow on paper strips, then offers to blow on the child.

- Imagine that this is a magic tree. The breeze blew and the leaves rustled on the tree! Like this! Now you blow!

The game can be played individually or in a group of children. In the second case, children blow on their brooms at the same time.

Autumn leaves

Target:

teaching smooth free exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

autumn maple leaves, vase.

Progress of the game:

Before class, collect a bouquet of autumn leaves with your child (preferably maple, since they have long stems) and place them in a vase. Offer to blow on the leaves.

— You and I collected beautiful leaves in the park. Here is a yellow leaf, and here is a red one. Do you remember how the leaves rustled on the branches? Let's blow on the leaves!

An adult, together with a child or a group of children, blows on the leaves in a vase and draws their attention to the rustling sound the leaves make.

Leaf fall

Target:

teaching smooth free exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

yellow, red, orange leaves cut out of thin double-sided colored paper; bucket.

Progress of the game:

The teacher lays out leaves on the table and reminds the children about autumn.

- Imagine that it is autumn now. Red, yellow, orange leaves fall from the trees. The wind blew and scattered all the leaves on the ground! Let's make a wind - let's blow on the leaves!

The adult and the children blow on the leaves until all the leaves are on the floor. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that oral exhalation is carried out correctly, as well as to ensure that children do not become overtired.

- All the leaves on the ground... Let's collect the leaves in a bucket.

The teacher and children collect leaves. Then the game repeats again.

It is snowing!

Target:

formation of a smooth long exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

pieces of cotton wool.

Progress of the game:

The teacher lays out pieces of cotton wool on the table and reminds the children about winter.

— Imagine that it is winter now. Snow is falling outside. Let's blow on snowflakes!

An adult shows how to blow on cotton wool, the children repeat. Then everyone raises the cotton wool and the game is repeated again.

Dandelion

Target:

development of smooth, long exhalation through the mouth; activation of the labial muscles.

Progress of the game:

The game is played outdoors - in a clearing where dandelions grow. The adult invites the children to find among the yellow dandelions the ones that have already bloomed and pick them. Then he shows how you can blow on a dandelion to make all the fluff fly off. After this, he invites the children to blow on their dandelions.

- Let's blow on the dandelions! Blow once, but strongly, so that all the fluff flies off. Look, the fluffs are flying like little parachutes.

You can arrange a competition: each child blows on his own dandelion once. The winners are those children who do not have a single fluff left on the head of the flower.

You can also organize the game “Grandfather or Grandmother?”:

- Let's play the game “Grandfather or Grandmother?”! Blow on your dandelions only once. If there are no fluffs left on the flower head, it is a bald head. So it turned out to be a grandfather. If the fluff remains - these are hairs on the head - then it turns out to be a woman. The one who gets the grandfather wins!

Pinwheel

Target:

development of long, smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

spinning toy.

Progress of the game:

Before starting the game, prepare a spinning toy. You can make it yourself using paper and a wooden stick.

Show your child the fidget spinner. On the street, demonstrate how it begins to spin when the wind blows. Then offer to blow on it yourself:

- Let's make a wind - let's blow on the turntable. That's how it turned out! Blow even harder and the spinner spins faster.

The game can be played individually or in a group of children.

Wind Song

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

Chinese bell "song of the wind".

Progress of the game:

Hang the bell at a convenient distance for the child (at the level of the face of a standing child) and offer to blow on it. Pay attention to how melodic the sound is. Then suggest blowing harder - the sound has become louder.

The game can be played individually or in a group of children.

Fly, birds

!

Target:

development of long-term directed smooth oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

2-3 colorful birds folded from paper (origami).

Progress of the game:

The child is sitting at the table. One bird is placed on the table opposite the child. The teacher invites the child to blow on the bird so that it flies as far as possible (you can blow once).

- What a beautiful bird you have! Can she fly? Blow so that the bird flies far away! You can blow once. Inhale and get more air. The bird has flown!

During a group game, you can arrange a competition between two or three children: each blows on his own bird. The one whose bird flies farthest wins. The adult makes sure that the children do not puff out their cheeks, blow only once, and do not strain too much.

Roll, pencil!

Target:

development of long, smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

pencils with a smooth or ribbed surface.

Progress of the game:

The child is sitting at the table. Place a pencil on the table at a distance of 20 cm from the child. First, the adult shows how to blow forcefully on a pencil so that it rolls to the opposite end of the table. Then he invites the child to blow on the pencil. The second participant in the game catches the pencil at the opposite end of the table. You can continue the game by sitting opposite each other and rolling each other's pencil from one end of the table to the other.

When organizing a game in a group, you can arrange a competition: two children sit at a table with pencils in front of them. You can only blow on the pencil once. The one whose pencil rolls farthest wins.

Funny balls

Target:

development of strong smooth directed exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

lightweight plastic ball.

Progress of the game:

You can play with balls in the same way as with pencils (see previous game). You can make the game more difficult. Draw a line on the table. Then take the ball and place it in the middle of the table (on the line). Two children sit at a table opposite each other, on opposite sides of a ball on a line.

- You need to blow on the ball so that it rolls to the opposite side of the table. And you need to try so that the ball does not fall on your part of the table. You need to blow harder. Let's start!

The winner is the one who managed to blow the ball over the line to the opposite side of the table.

Balloon

Target:

development of strong smooth oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

an ordinary balloon on a string; gas balloon.

Progress of the game:

Hang the balloon at the level of your child's face. Blow on the balloon so that it flies high, then offer to blow on the child.

A more complex version of the game is possible. Throw the balloon up. Invite your child to blow on the ball several times so that it does not fall to the floor longer.

- Let's blow on the ball so it doesn't fall down. Like this! Stronger!

You can play with a balloon filled with gas. In this case, the ball is tied to a chair or something on the floor (it is advisable that the string remains long). You need to blow on the ball so that it flies as far forward as possible.

If the game is played in a group, you can organize a competition: two children (or small teams) stand opposite each other facing the ball (distance to the ball is 50-60 cm) and simultaneously begin to blow. The winner is the one who managed to send the ball to the opposite territory (you can divide the territory using a ribbon or rope).

Sail, little boat!

Target:

development of strong smooth directed exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

paper or plastic boats; bowl of water.

Progress of the game:

Place a bowl of water with a paper boat floating in it on a low table. At first, it is better to use a plastic boat, as paper boats quickly get wet and sink. An adult blows on the boat, then offers to blow on the child.

- Imagine that this is the sea. Let's set the boat sailing. Look how strong the wind is! How quickly our ship sailed. Now try it. Well done!

The game can be complicated by inviting the child to ride a boat from one city to another, marking the cities with icons on the edges of the pelvis. In this case, the air stream during oral exhalation should not only be strong, but also directed.

You can play the game in a group. In this case, organize a competition to see whose boat will sail to the goal faster.

Ducks

Target:

development of strong smooth directed exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

rubber duck with ducklings (bathing set); other lightweight rubber or plastic toys that float in water.

Progress of the game:

Place a bowl of water on a low table. The teacher shows the child a duck with ducklings and invites them to play.

- Imagine that this is a lake. A duck and ducklings came to the lake. This is how a duck swims.

An adult blows on toys and offers to blow on the child. Then the game gets more difficult.

- Look: the ducklings have swam far from their mother. The duck calls the ducklings to come to her. Let's help the ducklings swim to their mother duck as quickly as possible!

In this case, the air stream during oral exhalation should not only be strong, but also directed. You can play the game in a group of children.

Bulki

Target:

development of strong oral exhalation; learning how to blow through a straw; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

glass of water, cocktail straws of different diameters.

Progress of the game:

Place a cocktail straw in a glass half filled with water and blow into it - bubbles will rise to the surface with a loud gurgle. Then give the tube to the child and ask him to blow.

- Let's make funny buns! Take a straw and blow into a glass of water. If you blow weakly, you get small gurgles. And if you blow too hard, you get a whole storm! Let's create a storm!

By looking at the “storm” in the water, you can easily estimate the strength of the exhalation and its duration. At the beginning of classes, the diameter of the tube should be 5-6 mm, later you can use thinner tubes.

Many children who are accustomed to drinking juice from bags through a straw do not immediately understand what is required of them and may start drinking water (therefore, it is better to use purified drinking water just in case). In this case, first suggest blowing through the tube onto a piece of cotton wool on the table or onto your palm to feel the air coming out of the tube.

Another possible problem is that the child may bite and chew on the soft tube or bend it. In this case, you can use the body of a gel pen - a transparent tube made of hard plastic.

In addition, the child can, holding the tube in his lips, exhale air through his nose. In this case, you should gently pinch the baby’s nose with your fingers and offer to blow again.

Grow, foam!

Target:

development of strong oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

a glass of water, cocktail straws of different diameters, dishwashing liquid.

Progress of the game:

This game can be offered to a child after he learns to blow well through a straw into a glass of water (does not drink water, does not bend the straw). Add a little dishwashing liquid to the water, then take a straw and blow into the water - with a loud gurgle, a cloud of iridescent bubbles will grow before the child's eyes. Then offer to blow on the child. When there is a lot of foam, you can blow on it.

- Now I'm going to do hocus pocus! I take the dishwashing liquid and drop it into the water... Now I’ll stir it - ary-bar-top-top-top! I take a pipe and blow. Look what happened! This is a foam of small and large bubbles! Now you try to blow.

After children learn to act correctly in individual lessons - blowing into straws, not spilling water, etc., you can conduct such a lesson in a group.

Birthday

Target:

development of strong, long, smooth oral exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

marshmallows in chocolate or marshmallows; small cake candles; Teddy bear.

Progress of the game:

Make chocolate-covered marshmallows or marshmallows and stick one or more holiday candles - today is “bear’s birthday.” Together with your child, set the table using toy dishes, invite guests - a bunny and a doll, and sing a song for the bear. Then ceremoniously bring in the “birthday cake” with a lit candle.

-It’s the bear’s birthday today. He is one (or more) years old. Let's congratulate the bear! Here's a birthday cake - help the bear blow out the candles.

When the child blows out the candle, make sure that the exhalation is long, strong and smooth. Explain to the baby that he has several attempts, in each of which he can only blow once. If the candle does not go out, we take air into the chest again and try again.

Many children, when exhaling correctly, cannot correctly direct the stream of exhaled air - it passes by the candle flame. In this case, it is useful for clarity to suggest blowing into a pipe made of a sheet of thick paper (diameter 3-4 cm), because Using the pipe, you can control the direction of the exhaled air.

First, place the candle at a distance of about 30 cm from the child. Gradually, the distance from the child to the candle can be increased to 40-50 cm. Explain to the child that you should not move too close to the candle.

For subsequent games with blowing out the flame, select candles with a stable base or standing on a reliable candlestick.

You can come up with a different plot for the game or simply offer to blow out the flame.
For safety reasons, this game is played individually.
It is necessary to warn the child that the candle should not be touched or knocked over. Feather, fly!

Target:

development of strong smooth directed exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

bird feather.

Progress of the game:

Throw the feather up and blow on it, preventing it from falling down. Then offer to blow on the child. Pay his attention to the fact that you need to blow hard, directing the stream of air towards the feather from bottom to top.

Bubble

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

a bottle with soap solution, a frame for blowing bubbles, straws of various diameters - cocktail, thick paper, a plastic bottle with a cut off bottom.

Progress of the game:

Play with your child with soap bubbles: first, the teacher blows bubbles, and the child watches and catches them. Then encourage your child to blow the bubbles themselves. It should be noted that blowing soap bubbles is often a rather difficult task for children. Try to help your child - select different frames and tubes so that the child can try and choose which is easier to achieve the result. You can make your own liquid for soap bubbles: add a little dishwashing liquid and sugar to water.

Do not forget to monitor the safety of the child - do not allow him to try or drink the liquid.

Whistles

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

children's ceramic, wooden or plastic whistles in the shape of various birds and animals.

Progress of the game:

Before starting the lesson, you should prepare the whistles. Give the children whistles and invite them to blow on them.

- Look how beautiful your whistle toys are! Masha has a bird, and Vanya has a deer. Let's have a forest concert - each of the animals and birds sings their own song!

The game can be repeated several times. The game can be played individually or in a group of children.

Make sure that children blow without straining or overtiring.

Policeman

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

whistles.

Progress of the game:

Before starting the lesson, you should select whistles and choose those that are easier to blow. Hand out whistles to the children and invite them to play police officers.

- Who knows what a real policeman has? A pistol, a baton and, of course, a whistle. Here are the whistles - let's play policemen! When a policeman sees an intruder, we blow the whistle!

The game can be repeated several times. The game can be played individually or in a group of children.

Make sure that children blow without straining and do not become overtired.

Blow the pipe!

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

various wind musical instruments: pipes, pipes, horns, harmonicas.

Progress of the game:

Before starting the lesson, you should select the tools. Remember that playing wind instruments is one of the most difficult exercises for developing breathing. Therefore, check the instruments in advance and choose those that are easier to play.

Give the children pipes and invite them to play them, first one by one, then everyone together.

- Let's have a musical parade! Grab your pipes and let's start playing!

If one of the children is unable to extract a sound from the pipe, make sure that he is blowing correctly: the exhalation through the mouth should be strong and fall exactly into the bell of the pipe, for which it must be pressed tightly with the lips: the air should not escape through the nose.

You can also offer pipes, horns, and harmonicas for playing. The game can be played individually or in a group of children. If one of the children does not succeed, do not insist. It may be better to return to this task later, when the child is a little older.

Music bubble

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

clean glass vial (vial height about 7 cm, neck diameter 1-1.5 cm).

Progress of the game:

The teacher shows the children a bottle and offers a game.

- How do you figure out what it is? That's right, a bubble. What can you do with the bubble? Pour water into it. Pour vitamins into the bottle. What else? Do not know! Now I'll show you a trick! This is a musical bubble that sounds like a trumpet.

The teacher brings the bottle to his lips, blows into the neck, extracting a sound from it. Then he invites one of the children to blow into another bottle. It should be remembered: for the bubble to buzz, the lower lip must lightly touch the edge of its neck. The air stream must be strong. You should blow for several seconds without straining. Since the game requires the use of glass bubbles, for safety reasons the game is played individually, or during a group lesson, children blow into the bubbles in turns. If one of the children does not succeed in this task, do not insist. It may be better to return to it later, when the child is a little older.

Blow up the toy!

Target:

development of strong smooth exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

various small inflatable toys; Balloons.

Progress of the game:

The teacher hands out well-washed rubber inflatable toys to the children and offers to inflate them. You should blow by taking in air through your nose and slowly exhaling it through your mouth into the hole of the toy.

- Look, our toys are very sick - thin, without bellies... How can we play with them? Let's inflate the toys so that they become plump, healthy and cheerful again!

Whoever inflates the toy can play with it.

This task requires a formed strong exhalation. In addition, it is necessary to teach children how to hold toys correctly so that air does not escape from them. Offer this game only after a strong, smooth exhalation has already been formed.

In subsequent lessons, you can offer to inflate balloons, which is even more difficult. If the child can’t do it, don’t insist.

Paper flag

Target:

development of strong smooth continuous exhalation; activation of the labial muscles.

Equipment:

strips of thin colored paper (size: 15x2.5 cm).

Progress of the game:

Before starting the lesson, prepare strips of paper. Show children how to blow on the strip by holding it against their lower lip (holding the strip with their thumb and forefinger).

- Let's turn paper strips into real flags. To do this you need to make wind - like this! The flags flutter in the wind!

This is not an easy exercise; children do not get it right away. It may be better to return to it later, when the child is a little older. The game can be played individually or in a group of children.

Exercises to practice correct pronunciation of sounds and syllables

To teach your baby to correctly pronounce vowels and consonants, syllables and sound combinations, you need to train them to pronounce them in one exhalation. Invite your baby to sing “songs” that imitate various sounds:

• “Ahhh!” - the baby is crying;
• "Uh-oh!" - the plane is flying;
• “Y-y-y!” — the steamer is humming;
• “Oh-oh-oh,” the bunny sighs;
• “F-f-f” - the balloon deflates;
• “Sh-sh-sh” - the snake hisses;
• “Ssss” - the pump is running;
• “Beep!” - the car honks;
• “Too-too” - the locomotive is moving;
• “La-la-la” - the doll sings;
• “Top-top-top” - the bear goes;
• “Drip-drip-drip” - it’s raining.

To engage your child, create a playful situation using your child’s favorite toys in class. Reinforce your speech with appropriate actions, and let the baby repeat after you.

How to work on establishing speech breathing for adults

If you have to perform on stage, you have no problems with pronunciation, but speech breathing gives you a lot of inconvenience; in addition to the techniques used in speech therapy, you can add the following:

• say a sentence, pronouncing each word slowly;
• speak at your usual pace for as long as possible in one breath;
• draw out the consonant “M” as you exhale so that it sounds drawn out and resonates in the chest;
• Smoothly say on one exhale “Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh”;
• blow out an imaginary candle, observing how the air naturally and evenly leaves the lungs, how the chest gradually falls; remember these sensations and check with them when you are on stage;
• read tongue twisters in one breath;
• pronounce the text, paying attention to where the air is added;
• master full breathing, combining clavicular, thoracic and diaphragmatic, which allows you to use the entire volume of your lungs for the force of the air stream;
• During performances, keep your back straight, your shoulders back, your neck free from tension, and your posture comfortable and natural so as not to interfere with deep breathing.